Introduction Hemispherectomy is a surgical procedure in which an entire hemisphere is resected to treat medically refractory epilepsy. This procedure has largely been supplanted by hemispherotomies, where the pathological hemisphere…
Introduction The rapid pace of development in modern neuromodulation belies the ancient roots of such technology. Scribonius Largus, the Roman court physician, was among the first to describe the relief…
Introduction Corpus callosotomy (CC) is a palliative surgical disconnection to treat drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) characterized by tonic or atonic drop attacks, generalized seizures or partial seizures with secondary generalization….
Multiple hippocampal transection Description of technique The multiple hippocampal transection (MHT) technique consists of a series of blunt transections perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus. MHT was first…
Introduction Children with drug refractory focal epilepsy are candidates for neurosurgical intervention if the epileptogenic zone (EZ) can be identified and disrupted through resection, disconnection, ablation, or neuromodulation . In…
Introduction Hemispheric surgery has long been an established surgical treatment for pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy stemming from diffuse, unilateral epileptogenic conditions. These include, but are not limited to, perinatal…
Introduction: tuberous sclerosis complex and epilepsy Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome affecting multiple organ systems . Estimates of TSC incidence vary, generally ranging between 1:6000…
Introduction Hypothalamic hamartomas (HH) are rare intrinsically epileptogenic lesions that affect 0.5 in 100,000 children . They are composed of heterotopic neuronal and glial cells attached to the hypothalamus, typically…
Introduction Insular epilepsy (IE), or insular-opercular/peri-Sylvian epilepsy, is defined as epilepsy originating from the insula and extra-insular structures, typically the surrounding opercula with or without more extensive regional networks of…
Focal epilepsy is a common clinical manifestation of structural brain abnormalities, such as focal cortical dysplasias, low-grade glioneuronal tumors, poststroke, and posttraumatic atrophy . Intraoperative electrocorticography (iopECoG) was first introduced…
