Anterolateral approaches to the lumbar spine provide direct access to the disc space. These techniques facilitate thorough discectomy, which is essential for successful arthrodesis. They improve segmental lordosis without osteotomy…
Spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks occur due to CSF volume loss at the level of the spine. They can occur spontaneously, from trauma, or iatrogenic causes. Classically, patients present with…
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is becoming an increasingly common health care concern as global obesity rates rise. Physicians need to be familiar with the salient clinical features of this condition…
Intraventricular and periventricular lesions often result in obstructive hydrocephalus and can be effectively managed by ventriculoscopy. This avoids the significant risk of injury to vascular and neural structures that are…
This article provides an in-depth review of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts for managing hydrocephalus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension, with a focus on advanced surgical techniques and strategies to prevent complications….
The introduction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage shunts has made treatment of hydrocephalus possible. However, failure rate is still high. Choice of shunt components could significantly reduce the need for…
Ventricle expansion and disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid-space hydrocephalus (DESH) are the hallmark features of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus, which has recently also been referred to as Hakim’s disease. DESH refers to the…
Lumbar puncture is a frequently used procedure in the diagnosis and treatment of CSF disorders. Specialized tests such as the lumbar tap test and CSF infusion study are often used…
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a treatable condition marked by gait disturbances, cognitive decline, and urinary incontinence. Biomarkers play a crucial role in distinguishing iNPH from Alzheimer’s disease (AD)…
In 1965, Hakim and Adams described 3 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus who responded to treatment with a ventriculoatrial shunt. Afterward the adoption of shunt treatment without clear diagnostic criteria…
