22 Spinal/Epidural Analgesic and Pharmacologic Therapy Shiraz Yazdani and Salahadin Abdi 22.1 Introduction Neuraxial drug administration describes a method of delivering pharmacologic therapies directly to and around the spinal cord…
14 Epiduroscopic, Histopathologic, and Microbiological Findings Günter Schütze 14.1 Introduction In pain medicine literature, the histologic (fine tissue) analysis of neuraxial tissue samples, taken from the vicinity of the spinal…
8 Clinical Indications and Considerations for Epiduroscopy Sing-Ong Lee and Billy K. Huh 8.1 Introduction Epiduroscopy allows direct visualization of anatomic structure of epidural space ( Fig. 8.1). By combining…
Skull base chordomas deserve an extensive investigation and meticulous evaluation by an experienced radiologist in order to provide the most detailed information that is necessary for an optimal surgery in…
Chordoma, an oddity for years, remains a baffling and defiant tumor. Despite the surge in studies and the advancements of imaging and techniques, chordoma is still plagued by unpredictability and…
Lesions involving the clivus represent a challenge to neurosurgeons due to its depth and close relationship with vital structures. The localization of chordomas at the middle of the skull base…
