21 Transforaminal Epiduroscopic Laser Annuloplasty for Diskogenic Pain Victor P. Lo, Jongsun Lee, Ashley E. Brown, Alissa Redko, and Daniel H. Kim 21.1 Introduction Pain in the lower back can…
17 Spinal Epiduroscopic Mechanical Adhesiolysis Kent H. Nouri 17.1 Indications Endoscopic adhesiolysis is built on the principle that by safely utilizing flexible fiberoptic catheters to access the epidural space via…
11 Epiduroscopic Images of Spinal Anatomy Dae Hyun Jo and Jee Youn Moon 11.1 Introduction Epiduroscopy has become a popular procedure for patients with low back pain and/or leg pain….
16 Step-by-Step Epiduroscopic Techniques Shiraz Yazdani and Salahadin Abdi 16.1 Introduction Chronic, radicular lower back pain remains one of the most challenging symptoms to properly diagnose and treat. Although imaging…
18 Spinal Epiduroscopic Laser Therapy Jae Do Kim and Gun Woo Lee 18.1 Introduction Epiduroscopic procedure for the management of spine-related problems is one of the most commonly performed interventions;…
4 Anatomic Origin of Spinal Pain and Clinical Presentations YiLi Zhou 4.1 Introduction Approximately 80% of adults experience back pain at some point in their lives. The following anatomic structures…
13 Diagnostic and Functional Epiduroscopic Procedures Dae Hyun Jo and Jee Youn Moon 13.1 Introduction Determining the cause of back pain is complicated as it is often multifactorial and also…
15 Anesthetic Management for Epiduroscopy Shiraz Yazdani and Salahadin Abdi 15.1 Introduction Epiduroscopy is a procedure that requires careful anesthetic management. Although the instrumentation involved in this procedure is a…
20 Spinal Epiduroscopic Radiofrequency Therapy Paulo Pereira and Pedro Monteiro 20.1 Introduction Although the mechanisms of recurrent/persistent postoperative radicular pain and its relation with epidural fibrosis remain incompletely understood,1 a…
24 Epiduroscopic Ozone Therapy Siddarth Thakur and Salahadin Abdi 24.1 Introduction • Ozone is an allotropic form of oxygen, administered as an oxygen–ozone gas mixture at concentrations ranging from 1…
