Lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is an effective tool for correction of fixed sagittal deformity. As such, it is used primarily in the treatment of degenerative and iatrogenic kyphoscoliosis. This…
Anterior approaches to the cervical spine were first described contemporaneously in 1958 by Cloward 1 and Smith and Robinson 2. Since its introduction, anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) has…
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy, affecting approximately 2% of men and 3% of women, most commonly between 40 and 60 years of age. 1 The…
Back pain is one of the most common complaints in the patient population as a whole. 1 Over a period of 7 years, from 2000 to 2007, the total number…
Surgical exposure of the median nerve in the arm and forearm is used for decompression of nerve entrapments, resection of nerve sheath tumors, as well as repair of injured nerves…
Clinical Anatomy of the Femoral Nerve The femoral nerve originates in the retroperitoneum from the lumbar plexus. The main motor component innervates the iliacus and psoas muscles, and the quadriceps…
The first description of surgical treatment for ulnar neuropathy around the elbow occurred in 1816 when Henry Earle described transecting the ulnar nerve before it enters the cubital tunnel in…
Ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE) at the elbow, also known as cubital tunnel syndrome, is the second most common upper extremity focal neuropathy after carpal tunnel syndrome. The cubital tunnel is…
Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive technique in which polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), anacrylic bone cement is injected under radiological guidance into a vertebral body to relieve pain and provide strength…
As described by Dr. Robert Cloward in 1953, posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) was originally performed using structural iliac crest bone graft and no supplemental internal fixation. Excellent results were…
