Epiduroscopic Images of Spinal Anatomy
11 Epiduroscopic Images of Spinal Anatomy Dae Hyun Jo and Jee Youn Moon 11.1 Introduction Epiduroscopy has become a popular procedure for patients with low back pain and/or leg pain….
Step-by-Step Epiduroscopic Techniques
16 Step-by-Step Epiduroscopic Techniques Shiraz Yazdani and Salahadin Abdi 16.1 Introduction Chronic, radicular lower back pain remains one of the most challenging symptoms to properly diagnose and treat. Although imaging…
Spinal Epiduroscopic Laser Therapy
18 Spinal Epiduroscopic Laser Therapy Jae Do Kim and Gun Woo Lee 18.1 Introduction Epiduroscopic procedure for the management of spine-related problems is one of the most commonly performed interventions;…
Anatomic Origin of Spinal Pain and Clinical Presentations
4 Anatomic Origin of Spinal Pain and Clinical Presentations YiLi Zhou 4.1 Introduction Approximately 80% of adults experience back pain at some point in their lives. The following anatomic structures…
Diagnostic and Functional Epiduroscopic Procedures
13 Diagnostic and Functional Epiduroscopic Procedures Dae Hyun Jo and Jee Youn Moon 13.1 Introduction Determining the cause of back pain is complicated as it is often multifactorial and also…
Anesthetic Management for Epiduroscopy
15 Anesthetic Management for Epiduroscopy Shiraz Yazdani and Salahadin Abdi 15.1 Introduction Epiduroscopy is a procedure that requires careful anesthetic management. Although the instrumentation involved in this procedure is a…
Spinal Epiduroscopic Radiofrequency Therapy
20 Spinal Epiduroscopic Radiofrequency Therapy Paulo Pereira and Pedro Monteiro 20.1 Introduction Although the mechanisms of recurrent/persistent postoperative radicular pain and its relation with epidural fibrosis remain incompletely understood,1 a…
Epiduroscopic Ozone Therapy
24 Epiduroscopic Ozone Therapy Siddarth Thakur and Salahadin Abdi 24.1 Introduction • Ozone is an allotropic form of oxygen, administered as an oxygen–ozone gas mixture at concentrations ranging from 1…
Epiduroscopic Procedure Using the 1,414-nm Nd:YAG Laser (Lutronic Laser)
19 Epiduroscopic Procedure Using the 1,414-nm Nd:YAG Laser (Lutronic Laser) Jun Young Kim, Il Sup Kim, and Jae Taek Hong 19.1 Introduction Laser spine surgery has been in use for…
Pathophysiology of Spinal Pain and Pain Pathways
3 Pathophysiology of Spinal Pain and Pain Pathways Radhika Grandhe and Jianguo Cheng 3.1 Introduction Spinal pain or pain originating from structures of the spine is the most common chronic…
