Clinical Anatomy of the Femoral Nerve The femoral nerve originates in the retroperitoneum from the lumbar plexus. The main motor component innervates the iliacus and psoas muscles, and the quadriceps…
The first description of surgical treatment for ulnar neuropathy around the elbow occurred in 1816 when Henry Earle described transecting the ulnar nerve before it enters the cubital tunnel in…
Ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE) at the elbow, also known as cubital tunnel syndrome, is the second most common upper extremity focal neuropathy after carpal tunnel syndrome. The cubital tunnel is…
Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive technique in which polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), anacrylic bone cement is injected under radiological guidance into a vertebral body to relieve pain and provide strength…
As described by Dr. Robert Cloward in 1953, posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) was originally performed using structural iliac crest bone graft and no supplemental internal fixation. Excellent results were…
Sublaminar wiring techniques became popularized in the 1980s with the introduction of the Luque rectangle method of segmental spinal instrumentation for deformity correction. In contrast to the hook-distraction rod methods…
One of the major advances in the treatment of thoracic spine tumors has been the development of high-dose conformal photon radiation therapy. 1 Improvements in imaging technology and computerized treatment…
In 1895 Bernhardt and Roth first described lesions of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) leading to burning and tingling of the anterolateral thigh. Originally termed Bernhardt’s disease, meralgia paresthetica…
Patient Selection Patient selection is a crucial factor for the success of lumbar spine fusions. Indications for posterolateral fusion of the lumbar spine include instability secondary to trauma, tumor, infection,…
The retropleural approach provides the shortest direct route to the ventral thoracic and thoracolumbar spine while avoiding entry into the pleural cavity. 1 The retropleural corridor maintains the visceral pleura…
