Transthoracic Thoracic Diskectomy
Thoracic disk herniation (TDH) is a common spinal disorder, with an estimated radiographic prevalence of 11% to 37%. 1, 2, 3 Clinically symptomatic TDH is rare, however, occurring in as…
C1–2 Transarticular Screw Instrumentation
Patient Selection 6.1.1 Pathophysiology Atlantoaxial instability (AAI) or atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) is characterized by excessive motion at the junction between the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) owing to either a bony…
Transcondylar Approach to the Craniocervical Junction
The far lateral approach and its variants consist of an inferior lateral suboccipital craniotomy, partial condyle resection, and C1 hemilaminectomy ( ▶ Fig. 3.1). The exposure provides an oblique and…
Posterior Thoracic Instrumentation with Pedicle Screws, Hooks, Wires, and Rods
Patient Selection Spinal instrumentation is used to augment the treatment of traumatic, neoplastic, congenital, and degenerative disorders of the thoracic spine in circumstances where there is structural instability. Instrumentation provides…
Minimally Invasive Lumbar Diskectomy
Minimally invasive techniques have revolutionized the management of pathological conditions in various surgical disciplines and more recently have been applied to the field of spine surgery. One of the most…
Image Guidance In Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery
The correlation of preoperative imaging studies to a patient’s anatomy during spinal surgery is essential to good outcomes in spinal surgery. Using Intraoperative plain radiographs have been used for years…
Surgical Exposure of Peripheral Nerves of the Upper Extremity. Part II: Radial Nerve
Relevant Anatomy Brachial Plexus and Arm Nerve roots from C5 to T1 contribute to the formation of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, which branches to create the radial…
Brachial Plexus Surgery: Restoration of Function
Brachial plexus injury (BPI) represents a severe and debilitating peripheral nerve injury often affecting young adult population carrying significant economic and social burden. The prevalence of BPI among multitrauma victims…
The Minimally Invasive Retroperitoneal Transpsoas Approach
First introduced by Luiz Pimenta in 2001, the retroperitoneal transpsoas minimally invasive lateral interbody fusion (MIS LIF) is a safe and effective alternative to anterior or posterior approaches for lumbar…
Transthoracic Resection of Vertebral Body Metastasis
Corpectomy for vertebral body metastasis restores thoracic spine alignment and stability, in addition to providing decompression in the case of spinal cord compression. In addition, optimal gross debulking of tumor…
