Acute Delirium
FIGURE 17.1 Assessment of level of sedation and delirium in the ICU. RASS, Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (see Table 17.3); CAM-ICU, Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU: delirium is diagnosed…
Pitfalls of Brain Death Determination
Adapted from Wijdicks et al., 2010. ABG = arterial blood gas; BP = blood pressure; CPAP = continuous positive airway pressure; PEEP = positive end expiratory pressure; TMJ = temporomandibular…
Hyponatremia After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
FIGURE 25.1 Differential diagnosis between cerebral salt wasting (CSW) and syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Some patients with aSAH become extremely polyuric, and this tends to occur…
Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity
CT angiogram of the chestSepsis*White blood cell countBlood culturesSerum lactic acidSeizuresElectroencephalogramNeuroleptic malignant syndromeHistory of neuroleptic exposureSerum creatine kinaseResponse to dantroleneSerotonin syndromeHistory of use of proserotonin drugsSerum creatine kinaseResponse to cyproheptadineAlcohol…
Endovascular Recanalization in Acute Stroke
FIGURE 7.1 CT perfusion revealing a large mismatch between the areas of reduced cerebral blood volume (A) and decreased cerebral blood flow (B). Our patient represents a common clinical scenario—major…
Acute Pulmonary Edema After Major Trauma
FIGURE 19.1 Note displaced femur fracture. (A) Serial chest X-rays in patient example: B) normal on admission and C) diffuse pulmonary edema 12 hours later. What do you do now?…
Approach to Organ Donation
31 Approach to Organ Donation A 51-year-old man with poorly controlled hypertension and severe congestive heart failure was admitted with a devastating ganglionic hemorrhage. Soon after arrival he was intubated…
Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders and Withdrawal of Life Support
FIGURE 29.1 CT scan showing a massive right intraparenchymal hematoma with intraventricular extension, hydrocephalus (A), and brain tissue displacement causing complete effacement of the basilar cisterns (B). End-of-life care in…
Drug Interactions
Decreases effectPhenytoinTheophyllineCorticosteroids(dexamethasone)WarfarinCarbamazepinePhenytoinWarfarinBarbituratesPhenytoinCorticosteroidsTricyclicantidepressantsWarfarinIncreases effectValproic acidWarfarin Related posts: Surgery for Cerebral Hemorrhage Failure to Awaken After Surgery Choices in Refractory Status Epilepticus Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders and Withdrawal of Life Support Acute Delirium Hyponatremia…
Decisions in Persistent Vegetative State
28 Decisions in Persistent Vegetative State A 17-year-old teenager remained comatose 2 weeks after a severe traumatic brain injury. During the first days following the accident, he was treated for…
