Absence status epilepticus (ASE) Typical absence status epilepticus (in the IGEs) de novo absence status epilepticus (in the elderly) Atypical absence status epilepticus Simple partial status epilepticus (SPSE) Complex partial…
Cognitive sign Definition References Asomatognosia Failure to recognize a body part as being one’s own Thomas et al. [2], Feinberg et al. [3] and Nishibayashi et al. [4] Anosagnosia Lack…
The sequential EEG patterns Definition of EEG patterns 1. Discrete seizures Focal low-voltage fast activity which increases in amplitude, spreads across the midline, and then slows in discharge frequency. Generalized…
Triphasic waves: Surface-negative, blunted triphasic complexes with: (a) low-amplitude, blunted, negative first phase (often wide-based); (b) dominant, steep positive second phase; and (c) slow rising third “slow-wave” component. No polyspike…
Continuous seizure types Generalized SE Generalized tonic-clonic SE Clonic SE Absence SE Tonic SE Myoclonic SE Focal SE Epilepsia partialis continua Aura continua Limbic SE (psychomotor status) Hemiconvulsive SE with…
GABAergic Anti-inflammatory Slowing of nerve conduction velocity Disruption of epileptogenic network Neuro-protective Therapeutic hypothermia X X X Neurostimulation ECT X X rTMS X VNS X Neurosurgery X Ketogenic diets…
Fig. 16.1 Proposed algorithm for the treatment of status epilepticus (From Glauser et al. [11], with permission). Image courtesy of the American Epilepsy Society Table 16.1 includes a summary of the recommendations…
Fig. 14.1 Electroencephalogram (EEG) of a 38-year-old man with refractory epilepsy admitted for presurgical evaluation who presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures and clusters of atonic seizures (repeated up to 60 times…
Fig. 11.1 Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC). Repeated myoclonic jerks of the left face, with muscle artifact on the left side of the EEG recording. Polymorphic delta slowing over the right hemisphere,…
Systemic or intracerebroventricular NMDA Quisqualate Kainic acid Domoic acid Pentylenetetrazol Bicuculline Allylglycine Pilocarpine ± lithium Soman Flurothyl Intracerebral Kainic acid in amygdala Dibutyl cAMP into amygdala Folic acid into cortex Penicillin into…
