and Uwe Spetzger1 (1) Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Due to the experiences with cervical spinal surgery for decades, the statistical risks of severe complications caused by…
and Uwe Spetzger1 (1) Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Conservative treatment in cases of degenerative diseases of the cervical spine primarily addresses pain relief. For this nonsteroidal…
and Uwe Spetzger1 (1) Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany The current trend in cervical spinal surgery is affected by continuous optimisation of intervertebral cages and disc prostheses….
and Uwe Spetzger1 (1) Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany The cervical spine is the most flexible part of the spinal column with six degrees of freedom in…
Fig. 9.1 Stereolithography model of a patient with a left mandibular tumor which has eaten away the bone.Surgery will involve removing almost half of the mandible and replacing with a…
Fig. 8.1 3D model of the spine of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis showing ossification of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments and ligamentum flavum. This can be used for…
Fig. 3.1 Flowchart shows sample workflow for a radiology-centered 3D three-dimensional printing process. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images are initially processed with compatible segmentation software, and the…
Fig. 2.1 DICOM images cannot be directly communicated to 3D printers for printing. 3D printers currently accept digital 3D models, typically defined by surfaces stored in the STL file format….
Fig. 5.1 Identification of the auditory canal from a cone beam CT 5.1 Craniofacial Imaging Computed tomography is the preferred method of imaging for head and neck reconstructions. The Hounsfield…
Tested geometry Printing technology Absolute difference; mean ± SD (range) [mm, unless otherwise noted] Relative difference; mean ± SD (range) [%] Skull and mandible (El-Katatny et al. 2010) Professional FDM…
