Phase Strategy Devices Phase 1 Thrombectomy + recanalization Concentric retrieve Penumbra aspiration system Snare Phase 2 Recanalization only Balloon-mounted stents Self-expanding unretrievable stents (Wingspan, Enterprise, Neuroform) Phase 3 Thrombectomy +…
Prevalence Inheritance Gene Stroke incidence Mechanism of ischemic stroke Other neurovascular complications Other clinical features CADASIL 2/100,000 AD NOTCH3 60–84% SVD ICH Migraine, psychiatric symptom, dementia CARASIL Rare AR…
Na (mEq/L) Cl (mEg/L) Osmolarity (mOsm/L) Others (mEq/L) Crystalloid Normal saline (0.9%) 155 155 310 Ringer’s lactate 130 109 273 Lactate (28), K (5.4) Plasma-Lyte A 140 98 295…
Fig. 26.1 Summary of statin initiation recommendations for the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardio-cerebrovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in adults [1]. Colors correspond to the classes of recommendation…
Type of infarct Diagnosis Cerebral infarction If a CT scan performed within 28 days of symptom onset shows an area of low attenuation, no relevant abnormality, or an area of…
Fig. 13.1 A case of malignant middle cerebral infarction. (a) Development of malignant middle cerebral infarction in a 40-year-old adult male. Presented with acute left hemiparesis. Left. Initial presentation. Early…
Systemic vasculitis Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Kawasaki disease, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, polyarteritis nodosa, Behçet’s disease Systemic rheumatologic disease Systemic lupus erythematosus (usually a vasculopathy), dermatomyositis, scleroderma,…
Fig. 30.1 Diagnosis modalities of carotid artery stenosis: (a) carotid Doppler ultrasound, (b) computed tomography angiography, (c) magnetic resonance angiography, (d) conventional angiography 30.1.2 Evaluating the Degree of Stenosis It…
Fig. 9.1 ASPECT scoring system. The middle cerebral artery territory is divided into seven ganglionic level regions (caudate, internal capsule, insula, and lentiform nucleus, M1–3) and three supraganglionic level regions…
Fig. 10.1 Diffusion-weighted image lesion pattern according to stroke mechanism. Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (a), extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (b), cardioembolism (c), and aortic arch atherosclerosis (d). Reproduced by permission of Journal…
