Stroke Pathophysiology
Figure 6-1 Pathway of cerebral ischemia Reduction in blood flow: Cerebral ischemia develops when CBF is reduced to <22 ml/100 g/min <10 ml/100 g/min leads to infarct Energy failure: Diminished…
Special Systems
Figure 12-1 Ophthalmic artery vascular anatomy OA passes into orbit through optic canal where it travels with the optic nerve Gives off central retinal artery (first branch) and posterior ciliary…
Genetic Stroke Syndromes
Disease Gene Inheritance Mechanism Clinical features CADASIL NOTCH3 AD Small vessel Migraine with aura, cognitive deficits CARASIL HTRA1 AR Small vessel disease Alopecia, cervical/lumbar spondylosis Cerebral amyloid angiopathy APP (Dutch…
Stroke Systems of Care
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Hardik P. Amin and Joseph L. Schindler (eds.)Vascular Neurology Board Review10.1007/978-3-319-39605-7_20 20. Stroke Systems of Care Hardik P. Amin1 and Joseph L. Schindler2 (1) Assistant Professor of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, Associate…
Pharmacology
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Hardik P. Amin and Joseph L. Schindler (eds.)Vascular Neurology Board Review10.1007/978-3-319-39605-7_19 19. Pharmacology Hardik P. Amin1 and Joseph L. Schindler2 (1) Assistant Professor of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, Associate Director, Vascular Neurology…
Stroke Rehab
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Hardik P. Amin and Joseph L. Schindler (eds.)Vascular Neurology Board Review10.1007/978-3-319-39605-7_18 18. Stroke Rehab Hardik P. Amin1 and Joseph L. Schindler2 (1) Assistant Professor of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, Associate Director, Vascular…
Vascular Cognitive Disorders
(1) Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Electrophysiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA Abbreviations AD Alzheimer dementia DM Diabetes mellitus HL Hyperlipidemia HTN Hypertension…
Hematologic Disorders
Figure 15-1 Metabolism of homocysteine Cystathione B synthase: using cofactor B6, catalyzes conversion of homocysteine into cystathione via trans-sulfuration Methionine synthase: using cofactor B12, catalyzes conversion of homocysteine into methionine…
Epidemiology and Risk Factors
Figure 5-1 Ischemic stroke subtypes Embolic: 20 % Large vessel (thrombotic): 20 % Small vessel: 25 % Cryptogenic: 30 % Hemorrhagic stroke: 20 % of all strokes Risk of early stroke recurrence: large artery > cardioembolic > lacunar > cryptogenic Functional…
Initial Stroke Evaluation
Figure 2-1 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS ) Initially developed as a research tool Score > 10 has high likelihood of large artery occlusion Left hemispheric strokes tend to score…
