(1) Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Electrophysiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA Abbreviations AD Alzheimer dementia DM Diabetes mellitus HL Hyperlipidemia HTN Hypertension…
Figure 15-1 Metabolism of homocysteine Cystathione B synthase: using cofactor B6, catalyzes conversion of homocysteine into cystathione via trans-sulfuration Methionine synthase: using cofactor B12, catalyzes conversion of homocysteine into methionine…
Figure 5-1 Ischemic stroke subtypes Embolic: 20 % Large vessel (thrombotic): 20 % Small vessel: 25 % Cryptogenic: 30 % Hemorrhagic stroke: 20 % of all strokes Risk of early stroke recurrence: large artery > cardioembolic > lacunar > cryptogenic Functional…
Figure 2-1 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS ) Initially developed as a research tool Score > 10 has high likelihood of large artery occlusion Left hemispheric strokes tend to score…
Content category % Basic science aspects of vascular neurology 4–6 Prevention, risk factors, and epidemiology 8–12 Clinical features of cerebrovascular disease 8–12 Evaluation of the patient with cerebrovascular disease 13–17…
(16.1) Power Sources The two types of power sources are alternating current or AC and direct current or DC. The most commonly encountered DC source is the battery. A battery…
Fig. 24.1 10–20 electrode placement. The 10–20 system assigns a number to further specify the location in the left or right hemisphere. Location “z” is used to indicate that the location…
Fig. 41.1 Ascending Reticular Activity system (ARAS): The ascending arousal system. Two major pathways are shown. One (shown in yellow) providing upper brain stem input to the thalamic-relay nuclei and to…
Fig. 18.1 Scalp EEG voltage recordings resulting from an excitatory input on a deep synapse. EPSP excitatory postsynaptic potential. Modified from Kandel and Schwartz [69] Methods of EEG Recording Amplification of the…
Recommendations for filter settings and sensitivity for various physiologic parameters Channela Low-frequency filter (Hz) Time constant (s) High-frequency filter (Hz) Sensitivity EEG 0.3 0.4 35 50 (µV/cm) EOG 0.3 0.4…
