© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Shah-Naz H Khan and Andrew J. RingerHandbook of Neuroendovascular Techniqueshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52936-3_17 17. Neurophysiological Tests Shah-Naz H. Khan1, 2 and Andrew J. Ringer3 (1) Institute of General and Endovascular Neurosurgery (IGEN), Flint, MI, USA (2) Department…
Fig. 16.1 A patient with persistent pain following L1 fracture that did not respond to conservative management. Extrapedicular kyphoplasty was performed. An extrapedicular approach was undertaken and methyl methacrylate injected into…
Fig. 5.1 Components of a sheath (a): The sheath (straight arrow) is introduced into the blood vessel using an introducer (curved arrow) that snaps onto the hub of the sheath when…
Agent Chemical structure Anion Cation % Salt concentration % Iodine concentration Iodine mg/ml Viscosity 25 °C Viscosity 37 °C Osmolality mOsm/kg H2O Visipaque™ 270 (GE Healthcare) Iodixanol Nonionic Nonionic None 27 270…
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Shah-Naz H Khan and Andrew J. RingerHandbook of Neuroendovascular Techniqueshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52936-3_7 7. Venography and Intervention Shah-Naz H. Khan1, 2 and Andrew J. Ringer3 (1) Institute of General and Endovascular Neurosurgery (IGEN), Flint, MI, USA (2)…
To be evaluated Evaluation tools Objective measure Subjective measure Test Prognostic tool Rating scales Questionnaires Pain and cold sensitivity Rosén Score – a tool to assess functioning and pain of patients suffering…
Neurosensory recovery based upon Sunderland classification Need for surgery Sunderland Recovery pattern Rate of recovery I Complete Fast (days–weeks) None II Complete Slow (weeks) None III Variable Slow (weeks–months) Maybe…
Fig. 5.1 The modern operating microscope with the optical beam splitter 5.2.2 The Retractor-Integrated Endoscope Minimally invasive surgical methods are becoming increasingly popular. Post-traumatic nerve lesions are frequently, if not…
EMG finding Occurrence/cause Timing Normal Central nervous system lesion (e.g., intracranial hemorrhage) Always Not a severe nerve lesion Until the occurrence of pathological spontaneous activity Pathologic spontaneous activity Axonotmesis, neurotmesis,…
Fig. 3.1 Algorithm of the diagnostic and therapeutic steps and treatment strategies for nerve injury The complex challenge of nerve repair and reconstruction, including additional steps that may become necessary,…
