Neupsy Key

Fig. 17.1 Psoas and iliacus muscles The iliopsoas muscle consists of three distinct muscles: the iliacus, psoas minor, and psoas major. The psoas minor, absent in 40 % of the…

Fig. 36.1 Lumbar plexus from a lateral perspective relevant to the lateral trans-psoas approach [18] Fig. 36.2 Lateral radiograph of the lumbar spine with overlay dividing the vertebral column into…

Epidemiology   Patients, n 21  Sex ratio (M/F) 9/12  Mean age, years 47.7 Clinical DDD Pure 12 (57.1 %) Revision 9 (42.9 %) Levela L2–L3 4 (12.1 %) L3–L4 19…

Indications Degenerative disk disease with axial low-back pain Low-grade (Meyerding grade I or II) spondylolithesis Recurrent disk herniation with low-back pain Disk collapse following diskectomy causing foraminal narrowing and secondary…

Fig. 30.1 (a) Preoperative sagittal MRI showing L4–5 spondylolisthesis with stenosis at L3–4, L4–5. (b) Preoperative axial MRI of L3–4 level. Note the lateral recess and foraminal stenosis on the…

Fig. 1.1 Comparison of cage contact area for PLIF, LLIF, and TLIF (Left to right) In an attempt to minimize tissue trauma and improve biomechanical support, an anterolateral retroperitoneal approach…

Fig. 28.1 Early cage subsidence (ECS) described by Malham et al. [9] Fig. 28.2 Three types of subsidence (Adapted from Malham et al. [9]) 28.3 Rates The rate of subsidence…

Fig. 12.1 (a) Pain drawing of a patient with thigh pain and numbness following a lumbosacral plexus stretch injury with an LLIF surgery; (b) thigh atrophy from an upper lumbar…

Fig. 24.1 (a) Intraoperative fluoroscopic images showing retractor placement at the adjacent level disk; (b) lateral fluoroscopic image showing excellent restoration of interbody height using a lateral cage 24.2 Patient…

Fig. 23.1 (a, b) Preoperative plain film demonstrated a collapsed in L2–3 disc space with a loss of end plate; (c, d) preoperative MRI showed the destruction of L2–3 intervertebral…