Fig. 7.1 Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Sagittal T2-weighted MR image showing a multisegmental degenerative narrowing of the spinal canal at cervical level with depleted subarachnoid space and a hyperintense intramedullary signal…
Diagnosis Total Syringomyelia Craniocervical junction 756 556 Chiari I 651 485 (74.5 %) Chiari II 45 29 (64.4 %) Foramen magnum arachnoiditis 33 33 (100 %) Posterior fossa tumors 12…
Fig. 2.1 The human vertebral column from (a) median-sagittal, (b) ventral, and (c) in a cross-sectional view of a cervical segment. Note the increasing shift between spinal segments and in…
Fig. 24.1 Typical FES stimulation waveforms. (a) Rectangular pulse with exponential charge balance pulse. (b) Biphasic rectangular pulse. (c) Biphasic, rectangular pulse with reduced amplitude, but increased width of charge…
Fig. 17.1 Number of patients in Germany in need of ventilation at the time of hospital discharge 17.2 Epidemiology of Ventilated Patients In a registry of all German-speaking countries, data…
Fig. 22.1 Distribution of the initial (<4 weeks post injury) and chronic (6–12 months post injury) ASIA impairment scale (AIS) grades grouped by the initial (<4 weeks post injury) neurological…
Fig. 14.1 Autonomic cardiovascular control. The cerebral cortex and hypothalamus project to the nuclei of the medulla oblongata, where autonomic cardiovascular control is coordinated and integrated with input from baroreceptors,…
Diseasea Clinical presentation and diagnostic characteristics Myelitis with autoimmune-/immune–mediated CNS disorders Multiple sclerosis (MS) Relapsing or progressive, lesions typically short and laterally localised in the spinal cord, cranial MRI with…
Fig. 15.1 (a) Innervation and neural control of the LUT during the storage phase (Abbreviations: N. nerve, PAG periaqueductal gray, symp. sympathetic, L. lumbar, S sacral, −β 3 beta3-adrenoreceptor inhibition,…
Potentially, any irritant to the abdominal wall and viscera such as Ulcer Cholecystitis Pancreatitis Hepatitis Masses Gastroenteritis Hemorrhage Constipation Bowel obstruction Superior mesenteric artery syndrome Tight clothing or materials over…
