18 Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy/Discectomy Luca Papavero Summary Posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCFo) is a clinically effective, cost effective, motion preserving, and time-proven surgical treatment for intraforaminal disc herniation and narrow root…
54 Surgical Training and Simulation in MISS Carolin Melcher, Thana Theofanis, Yusef Mosley, Geoffrey Stricsek, Sertac Kirnaz, and James S. Harrop Summary This chapter provides an overview of the integration…
27 Lateral Retropleural Thoracic Discectomy and Corpectomy David S. Xu, Jakub Godzik, S. Harrison Farber, Shashank V. Gandhi, Ernest J. Wright, Courtney Hemphill, Sebastian Uribe, and Juan S. Uribe Summary…
38 LLIF L2/3/4/5 Frank M. Phillips and Sravisht Iyer Summary The extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) or lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is a minimally invasive approach to fusion in…
33 Far-Lateral Lumbar Discectomies Eric H. Elowitz Summary Herniated lumbar discs are a major cause of pain and disability frequently affecting younger age patients. Although the most common location of…
21 MIS Endoscopic Approaches for OC–C1–C2 Pathology Rafael Uribe, Sertac Kirnaz, and Theodore H. Schwartz Summary Craniocervical junction is closely related to critical neurovascular structures including the carotid and vertebral…
48 Strategies to Minimize Invasiveness and Optimize Success: Cervical Front/Back Surgery for Deformity Correction Lee A. Tan and K. Daniel Riew Summary Surgical treatment of cervical spine deformity can be…
36 Endoscopic Interlaminar Lumbar Laminectomy Christoph Hofstetter Summary The endoscopic interlaminar lumbar laminectomy is becoming the least invasive option to decompress the lumbar spine from a dorsal approach. This technique…
45 Intradural Extramedullary Tumors Hani Malone, Richard G. Fessler, and John E. O’Toole Summary The resection of intradural extramedullary (IDEM) spinal tumors using minimally invasive techniques has been shown to…
46 Three-Dimensional Navigation in Lumbar Spine to Facilitate Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Jang W. Yoon, Gaetano De Biase, and Eric W. Nottmeier Summary Three-dimensional navigation has increased both the efficiency…
