Prognostication in Pediatrics
Routine EEG aEEG cEEG VEP BAEP SEP Availability Common Common Tertiary care centers Tertiary care centers Tertiary care centers Tertiary care centers Sensitivity to medications Sensitive Sensitive Sensitive Sensitive…
The History of Continuous EEG Monitoring
Fig. 1 Technical electroencephalographic innovations over time. EEG electroencephalography From the Galvanometer to Scalp Electrodes The introduction of the galvanometer with astatic needles has been mainly associated with Leopoldo Nobili,…
Treatment of Status Epilepticus with Anesthetic Drugs
EFNS guidelines (Meierkord et al. 2010) [1] NCS guidelines (Brophy et al. 2012) [2] Survey of experts (Riviello et al. 2013) [12] Post-convulsive subtle SE Treat as GCSE and…
Coding and Billing Considerations
The EEG services include recording, interpretation, and report by a physician or other qualified health-care professional. For interpretation only, use modifier 26 Codes 95812–95822, 95951, and 95956 use recording time…
Staffing Considerations for ICU EEG Monitoring
ASET Job title [11] ACNS Job title [6] Minimum education recommendations Job description Registration Neurodiagnostic Technologist I (NDT I) Neurodiagnostic Technologist I (NDT I) Associate degree or enrolled in neurodiagnostic…
EEG Equipment
Fig. 1 Schematic of typical setup for ICU EEG monitoring. The headbox and camera/audio recording equipment are located in the patient room. A bedside monitor is also located in the…
Investigational Treatments for Status Epileptics
Investigator (reference) Site of stimulation Stimulation parameters Study design Number of patients Outcome measures Conclusions Theodore (2002) [83] Epileptogenic focus, as determined by EEG 1 Hz, 900 pulses; at 120…
Nonpharmacologic and Nontraditional Treatments for Status Epilepticus
Treatment Typical regimen Administration Cautions/contraindications Advantages Disadvantages Hypothermia Mild hypothermia to 32–35 °C for 1–3 days Endovascular or external temperature management system Concurrent use with thiopental Relatively low risk Can…
Epidemiology of Seizures in Critically Ill Children and Neonates
Fig. 1 Proportions of subjects with electrographic seizure, electrographic status epilepticus, and EEG-only seizures from studies in which critically ill children underwent cEEG monitoring Seizure Risk Factors Identifying children at…
Medication-Induced Seizures and Status Epilepticus
Drug class Drugs Analgesics Meperidinea, opioids, tramadol Anesthetics General anesthetics Enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane Intravenous anesthetics Propofol, ketamine Local anesthetics Lidocaine, bupivacaine, procaine Antibiotics Beta-lactams Penicillins, cephalosporinsb (all generations),…
