M0 No gross nodular or laminar subarachnoid or hematogenous metastasis M1 Microscopic tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid M2 Gross nodular or laminar seeding in the cerebellum, cerebral subarachnoid space,…
Fig. 32.1 Tectal plate glioma cases with i.v. contrast MR study. (a–c) does not have contrast enhancement and (d) minimal, whereas (e, f) demonstrates significant contrast enhancement MRI is more…
Fig. 45.1 MRI and CT findings in a 10-year-old-girl with a clival chordoma. Sagittal T1-weighted MR image shows a clival mass that has a hyperintense focus which represents highly proteinaceous…
Series Number of patients (M:F) Age range (mean) Pathology Location in PF Outcome/complication Recurrence/reoperation f/u period (mean) Schijman et al. [15] 7 2–6 years 2 dermoids PF 2 deaths (1…
Fig. 36.1 Focal brainstem glioma, sagittal T1 image Over the same period improvements in neurosurgical techniques and perioperative care have made surgery feasible for all except diffuse intrinsic tumors [1]….
Fig. 19.1 Prone (a) and supine (b) positioning for craniospinal irradiation with personalized thermoplastic mask and vacuum bag immobilizer 19.2.5 Target Volumes, Organs at Risk, and Techniques The following organs…
Fig. 47.1 CT scan of a clival chordoma (a) Axial slice showing a hypodense mass of the posterior aspect of the clivus (dotted line) contacting the brainstem (arrows) (b) Axial…
Fig. 41.1 Typical rhabdoid cells with granular chromatin, prominent nucleolus and eosinophilic cytoplasm, brisk mitoses, and apoptotic bodies (HE, ×100) Reticulin may be abundant in some AT/RTs, especially in the…
Fig. 4.1 Tentorial and suboccipital surface view of cerebellum The cerebellum has fissures that divide the organ into series of layers or leaves. The largest and deepest fissure is the…
Fig. 7.1 A case of posterior fossa ependymoma where the initial tumor volume (red) and postoperative gross tumor (light blue shaded) have been delineated on axial MR imaging and presented…
