Subdural Collections: Hygroma and Haematoma
Fig. 22.1 Normal pressure hydrocephalus: (a) CT at diagnosis. (b–d) CT showing the emergence of a left subdural hygroma at 3 months after shunting The treatment options for children or…
Complications Related to the Type of Hydrocephalus: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Fig. 11.1 Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in a patient with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Note that ICP values are negative when the bed is inclined 45° to allow the patient…
Complications Related to the Choice of the CSF Shunt Device
This type of valve may be of benefit in patients with siphoning and over-drainage problems or in those with a high risk of developing slit-ventricle syndrome. Current data have shown…
Iatrogenic Complications of CSF Shunting
Fig. 5.1 (a) MRI showing benign external hydrocephalus in a 6-month-old boy. (b) Spontaneous resolution of the pericerebral collection and ventriculomegaly at age 3 years 5.2.8.2 Posttraumatic and Postinfectious Subdural…
Complications Specific to the Type of CSF Shunt: Atrial Shunt
Fig. 12.1 Hypertrophy of the right cardiac cavities with right deviation of the heart in a child with a VAS positioned at T4 level (arrow) who developed pulmonary embolism and…
Late Failures
Fig. 24.1 Magnetic resonance imaging showing a hydrocephalus related to a tectal plate lesion. The patient presented with signs of increased ICP, nystagmus, and ataxia Fig. 24.2 Magnetic resonance (MR)…
Epilepsy as a Late Complication
Fig. 18.1 MR scans of a 28-year-old woman with a history of learning difficulties at childhood and recent episodic diffuse headache that had lasted for almost 3 months as well…
Functional Complications: Hyperdrainage
Fig. 7.1 Axial noncontrast computed tomography depicting an example of shunt overdrainage with subsequent development of bilateral extra-axial fluid collection (asterisks) Fig. 7.2 Right frontoparietal hyperdense extra-axial fluid collection (arrow)…
Complications Related to Endoscopic Fenestration in Loculated Hydrocephalus
Fig. 23.1 Axial T2-weighted MRI showing multiple loculations in a 7-month-old patient with hydrocephalus caused by intraventricular hydrocephalus associated with prematurity as well as likely meningitis. The patient has already…
Complications of Peritoneal Shunts
Fig. 13.1 Pseudocyst. Peritoneal catheter is withdrawn from the pseudocyst (a) and repositioned in functional peritoneum under laparoscopic assistance (b) When there is a chance for it, endoscopic third ventriculostomy…
