Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Fig. 23.1 Basic principles of transcranial magnetic stimulation. The magnetic coil, represented as a figure-of-eight device, is placed on top of the cerebral cortex and pulses a magnetic field that…
Secondary Prevention After Symptomatic Large Artery Extracranial Disease
Study name n n Results CEA Medical (a) Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in symptomatic patients Shaw et al. 1984 [116] 20 21 Early death, stroke, TIA (within 1 month): 45 %…
Virtual Reality in Stroke Rehabilitation
Time consuming Modest effect (e.g., initially not appreciated by stroke survivors) Resource and therapy intensive Limited compliance/adherence Transportation to a rehabilitation facility Availability Coverage vs. out-of-pocket costs Wolters Kluwer Health,…
Botulinum Toxin for Post-stroke Limb Spasticity
Fig. 19.1 An acute ischemic infarct with left Pons Her initial stroke presentation was dense right hemiparesis, including face, arm, and leg, as well as dysarthria. The etiology of stroke…
Hemicraniectomy
Fig. 5.1 CT of the brain demonstrating significant mass effect and right-to-left midline shift from a completed right middle cerebral artery territory infarct Despite maximal medical therapy, the patient progressively…
Supportive Care and Management of Inhospital Complications
Fig. 6.1 Non-contrast CT scan of the brain showing a large right middle cerebral artery territory infarction in a 38-year-old man with atrial fibrillation both before (left) and after (right)…
Role of Registries and Community Models in Developed Countries
Country Funding and organizational governance Target population (patients and hospitals), case ascertainment Number of centers and patients Outcomes Registry Time period Sweden The National Quality Register for Stroke Care in…
General Concepts: Stroke Systems of Care
Fig. 27.1 The stroke post-acute continuum, showing the processes that could reduce the risk of poor outcomes, such as readmission and poor functional status ESD was initially developed and tested…
Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis
<70 years ≥70 years Men 4.8 % 12.5 % Women 2.2 % 6.9 % aModerate stenosis of >50 % Similar prevalence estimates were noted across different populations across the…
General Concepts: Management of Asymptomatic Cerebrovascular Disease
Study: Key findings 1. European Carotid Surgery Study [42]: In addition to degrees of carotid artery stenosis, angiographic plaque surface irregularity was associated with increased risk of ipsilateral ischemic stroke…
