Fig. 23.1 Axial T2-weighted MRI showing multiple loculations in a 7-month-old patient with hydrocephalus caused by intraventricular hydrocephalus associated with prematurity as well as likely meningitis. The patient has already…
Fig. 13.1 Pseudocyst. Peritoneal catheter is withdrawn from the pseudocyst (a) and repositioned in functional peritoneum under laparoscopic assistance (b) When there is a chance for it, endoscopic third ventriculostomy…
Fig. 14.1 Indication for shunt revision in adults older than 17 years old (Adapted from data from Youman’s book [14, 15]) During the first decade of the twentieth century, the…
Fig. 10.1 An ex-premature infant who developed grade 4 IVH and PHH and was treated with a VSGS Table 10.1 Rates of infection and permanent shunting in VSGS patients as…
Fig. 16.1 Multiple abdominal scars indicate the prolonged morbidity. Scars 1–5 are the revisions due to blocked lower end secondary to pseudocyst formation. Scar “I” indicates scar formation due to…
Fig. 21.1 Contrasted MRI images of dural enhancement in cases of intracranial hypotension 21.5 Discussion Any abnormality that offsets the delicate intracranial pressure-volume balance can lead to symptoms. Altered CSF…
Fig. 4.1 Conventional ventriculoperitoneal shunt Fig. 4.2 Ventriculoperitoneal shunt with antisiphon device 1. Lumboperitoneal (LP) shunts are used in patients with communicating hydrocephalus or small slit ventricles (due to overdrainage…
Procedure Complication Third ventriculostomy CNIII or VI injury CSF leak Extra-axial hematoma or hygroma Failure to improve hydrocephalus Hemiparesis Herniation Hypothalamic or hypophyseal dysfunction (diabetes insipidus, amenorrhea, change in appetite)…
Fig. 19.1 Schematic drawing of complications of endoscopic third ventriculostomy 19.4 Conclusion In conclusion, endoscopic third ventriculostomy, as an alternative to conventional ventriculoperitoneal or ventriculoatrial shunting, is a firmly established…
High risks Young age (especially children younger than 1 year) Premature birth Immunosuppressive states Etiology of hydrocephalus (myelomeningocele, intraventricular hemorrhage) CSF leak Previous or concomitant systemic infection Shunt revision Low…
