Fig. 14.1 Medulloblastoma tumor pathology: (Top left panel) representative axial midline vermian Medulloblastoma and photomicrographs of classic medulloblastoma; (Top right panel) representative immunofluorescence staining on medulloblastoma cells; (Bottom); cartoon that…
Fig. 3.1 Shunt series in a 14-year-old patient with a Strata VP shunt: (a, b) skull, (c) chest, and (d) abdomen radiographs showing the integrity of the shunt To facilitate…
Fig. 15.1 Drawing showing the pleural step of a VPL shunt technique. A small transverse skin incision is made in the third to the fifth anterior intercostal space, and the…
Features CSF overdrainage SVS ACCD Clinical features Age at shunt placement Not related <3 years <3 years Shunt valve pressure Usually low Not related Not related Delay to clinical onset…
Type of complication % Mechanical complications: proximal catheter, valve, or distal catheter obstruction, disconnection, fracture, migration, etc. 8–64 Functional complications (under- and overdrainage) 3–50 Shunt infection 3–12 Intra-abdominal complications (only…
Fig. 8.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy of a shunt valve of diaphragm type, removed from a patient due to shunt malfunction. There is precipitation of crystals on the diaphragm, which with…
Fig. 22.1 Normal pressure hydrocephalus: (a) CT at diagnosis. (b–d) CT showing the emergence of a left subdural hygroma at 3 months after shunting The treatment options for children or…
Fig. 11.1 Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in a patient with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Note that ICP values are negative when the bed is inclined 45° to allow the patient…
This type of valve may be of benefit in patients with siphoning and over-drainage problems or in those with a high risk of developing slit-ventricle syndrome. Current data have shown…
Fig. 5.1 (a) MRI showing benign external hydrocephalus in a 6-month-old boy. (b) Spontaneous resolution of the pericerebral collection and ventriculomegaly at age 3 years 5.2.8.2 Posttraumatic and Postinfectious Subdural…
