Direct blow to the head and neck Chiropractic neck manipulation Strangulation Atlanto-axial sublaxation Elongated styloid process Cervical spine fracture Basal skull fracture Excessive head banging Beauty parlor syndrome Labor and…
Fig. 8.1 An 83-year-old man without any vascular risk factors developed dysarthria and confusion. DWI showed multiple scattered infarcts in bilateral anterior and posterior circulations. MR angiography, electrocardiography and echocardiography…
Age decade Silent brain infarcts (%) Microbleeds (%) 40–49 1–5 2 50–59 3–8 2–3 60–69 8–15 5–18 70–79 12–20 8–31 80+ 20–35 10–38 Prevalence data are from community- and population-based…
Fig. 3.1 Multimodal CT imaging of acute ischemic stroke patient presenting at 4 h of symptom onset, baseline non-contrast CT scan shows early changes of ischemia in the left insula…
Fig. 12.1 Valve prostheses. Different prosthetic heart valves. Bioprosthetic valve (top left). Prosthetic bileaflet (top middle and bottom left). Ball in cage prosthesis (middle right). Annuloplasty ring (bottom right). By…
Element/stroke center type Acute stroke ready Primary stroke center Comprehensive stroke centers Setting Rural/small urban Suburban, urban Large urban Size (beds) <100 100–500 >500 Stroke patient volume (year) 20–70 100–600…
Fig. 23.1 Basic principles of transcranial magnetic stimulation. The magnetic coil, represented as a figure-of-eight device, is placed on top of the cerebral cortex and pulses a magnetic field that…
Study name n n Results CEA Medical (a) Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in symptomatic patients Shaw et al. 1984 [116] 20 21 Early death, stroke, TIA (within 1 month): 45 %…
Time consuming Modest effect (e.g., initially not appreciated by stroke survivors) Resource and therapy intensive Limited compliance/adherence Transportation to a rehabilitation facility Availability Coverage vs. out-of-pocket costs Wolters Kluwer Health,…
Fig. 19.1 An acute ischemic infarct with left Pons Her initial stroke presentation was dense right hemiparesis, including face, arm, and leg, as well as dysarthria. The etiology of stroke…
