Sensory Coding

May 8, 2017 by in NEUROSURGERY Comments Off on Sensory Coding

Sensory Coding   Psychophysics Relates the Physical Properties of Stimuli to Sensations Psychophysical Laws Govern the Perception of Stimulus Intensity Psychophysical Measurements of Sensation Magnitude Employ Standardized Protocols Sensations Are…

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The Motor Unit and Muscle Action

May 8, 2017 by in NEUROSURGERY Comments Off on The Motor Unit and Muscle Action

The Motor Unit and Muscle Action   The Motor Unit Is the Elementary Unit of Motor Control A Motor Unit Consists of a Motor Neuron and Multiple Muscle Fibers The…

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The Constructive Nature of Visual Processing

May 8, 2017 by in NEUROSURGERY Comments Off on The Constructive Nature of Visual Processing

The Constructive Nature of Visual Processing   Visual Perception Is a Constructive Process Visual Perception Is Mediated by the Geniculostriate Pathway Form, Color, Motion, and Depth Are Processed in Discrete…

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Formation and Elimination of Synapses

May 8, 2017 by in NEUROSURGERY Comments Off on Formation and Elimination of Synapses

Formation and Elimination of Synapses   Recognition of Synaptic Targets Is Specific Recognition Molecules Promote Selective Synapse Formation Different Synaptic Inputs Are Directed to Discrete Domains of the Postsynaptic Cell…

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The Growth and Guidance of Axons

May 8, 2017 by in NEUROSURGERY Comments Off on The Growth and Guidance of Axons

The Growth and Guidance of Axons   Differences in the Molecular Properties of Axons and Dendrites Emerge Early in Development Neuronal Polarity Is Established Through Rearrangements of the Cytoskeleton Dendrites…

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Transmitter Release

May 8, 2017 by in NEUROSURGERY Comments Off on Transmitter Release

Transmitter Release   Transmitter Release Is Regulated by Depolarization of the Presynaptic Terminal Release Is Triggered by Calcium Influx The Relation Between Presynaptic Calcium Concentration and Release Several Classes of…

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The Vestibular System

May 8, 2017 by in NEUROSURGERY Comments Off on The Vestibular System

The Vestibular System   The Vestibular Apparatus in the Inner Ear Contains Five Receptor Organs Hair Cells Transduce Mechanical Stimuli into Receptor Potentials The Semicircular Canals Sense Head Rotation The…

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Posture

May 8, 2017 by in NEUROSURGERY Comments Off on Posture

Posture   Postural Equilibrium and Orientation Are Distinct Sensorimotor Processes Postural Equilibrium Requires Control of the Body’s Center of Mass Balance During Stance Requires Muscle Activation Automatic Postural Responses Counteract…

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The Aging Brain

May 8, 2017 by in NEUROSURGERY Comments Off on The Aging Brain

The Aging Brain   The Structure and Function of the Brain Change with Age Cognitive Decline Is Dramatic in a Small Percentage of the Elderly Alzheimer Disease Is the Most…

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High-Level Visual Processing: Cognitive Influences

May 8, 2017 by in NEUROSURGERY Comments Off on High-Level Visual Processing: Cognitive Influences

High-Level Visual Processing: Cognitive Influences   High-Level Visual Processing Is Concerned with Object Identification The Inferior Temporal Cortex Is the Primary Center for Object Perception Clinical Evidence Identifies the Inferior…

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