CSF based Blood based Bone based Parenchyma based Hydrocephalus from Hemorrhage Marrow expansion (thalassemia) Megalencephaly (true parenchymal expansion) –Neoplasm –Trauma Hyperphosphatasia –Metabolic dysregulation of storage and degradation –Cysts –Intraventricular hemorrhage…
Fig. 6.1 Superior view of normal skull including the major bones, sutures, and fontanels The fontanels are fibrous connective tissues located between multiple cranial bones (Fig. 6.1). Newborns have six…
Fig. 11.1 Coronally oriented head ultrasound scan . Note the blood in the left germinal matrix region, within the frontal horn of the left lateral ventricle and within the left…
Fig. 17.1 Ventriculomegaly secondary to aqueductal obstruction is manifest in this fetus as triventricular hydrocephalus. (a) Sagittal and axial (b) views Workup When fetal ventriculomegaly is diagnosed or suspected, detailed…
Fig. 26.1 Clinical signs of basal skull fractures . (a) Periorbital ecchymosis or “raccoon eyes.” (b) Hemotympanum, or presence of blood within the middle ear, as seen through an otoscope….
Fig. 4.1 Simplified schematic of brachial plexus anatomy (reprinted with permission from [1]) Table 4.1 Terminal nerves of the brachial plexus and their functions Nerve Root origin Branch point Termination…
Fig. 28.1 Post-concussion symptom inventory Physical and Neurologic Exam The physical exam of the head may show lacerations, bruises, or other signs of impact from the injury. However, it is…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017Jeffrey P. Greenfield and Caroline B. Long (eds.)Common Neurosurgical Conditions in the Pediatric Practice10.1007/978-1-4939-3807-0_27 27. Non-accidental Head Trauma Lara M. Gordon1 (1) Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian Hospital – Weill…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017Jeffrey P. Greenfield and Caroline B. Long (eds.)Common Neurosurgical Conditions in the Pediatric Practice10.1007/978-1-4939-3807-0_25 25. Approach to Spasticity in the Pediatric Patient Neil Haranhalli1 and Rick Abbott2 (1) Albert Einstein College…
Generalized seizure type Characteristics Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCs) Loss of consciousness, tonic stiffening followed by clonic phase; can have urinary incontinence, elevated HR and BP Absence seizures Sudden onset of…
