Acute akathisia
Figure 1.1 Schematic proposal of pathways comparing normal (A) to akathisia (B). Reduced dopaminergic stimulation from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) may create unopposed stimulation of the pathway from the…
Serotonin syndrome
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 4 Serotonin syndrome Dimitrios A. Nacopoulos and Hubert H. Fernandez Introduction Serotonin syndrome, a medical condition that gained prominent attention with the death of Libby…
Tardive dyskinesia treatment
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 7 Tardive dyskinesia treatment Tracy M. Jones, Israt Jahan, and Theresa A. Zesiewicz Introduction Tardive syndromes (TS) are characterized by abnormal, involuntary movements, and are…
Acute dystonia
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 2 Acute dystonia Anne Marthe Meppelink and Mark J. Edwards Introduction Movement disorders can occur as a side effect of many different pharmacological agents, including…
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Figure 3.1: Flow chart of treatment options in patients with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). PO=per os, NG=nasogastric tube, bd=bis in die (twice per day), qds=quaque die (four times per day),…
Tardive syndromes
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 6 Tardive syndromesClinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and epidemiology Daniel Tarsy and Raminder Parihar Introduction The tardive syndromes are a group of involuntary movement disorders which appear…
Neuroleptic parkinsonism
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 5 Neuroleptic parkinsonism Joseph H. Friedman It is my contention, based on personal experience and common sense, based partly on extrapolation, not evidence-based studies, that…
The Impact of Neuroimaging on Acute Stroke Treatment: Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Fig. 13.1 DWI (a) and FLAIR (b) of an acute stroke patient <3 h after symptom onset. DWI shows a hyperintensity in the left MCA territory, whereas FLAIR is without…
The Impact of Neuroimaging on Acute Stroke Treatment: Role of Computed Tomography
X-ray attenuation (HU) Gray matter 35–45 White matter 20–30 Cerebro-spinal-fluid 4–8 Skull 100–1,000 Large vessels 40–50 Tissue calcification 80–150 Hematoma 70–90 Fat −60 to −70 Air −1,000 Fig. 12.1…
Mechanical Revascularization with Embolectomy Devices
Fig. 7.1 Clinical specimens from mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke demonstrating: (a) the fibrin rich clot or so-called white clot, and (b) the red blood cell rich clot, termed red…
