19 Cognitive Therapy for Symptomatic Disc Degeneration Donna D. Ohnmeiss The importance of psychological factors in chronic back pain patients has been consistently well documented for many years. They affect…
18 The Role of Education and Back Schools Gunnar B. J. Andersson All physicians should be educators. Our patients deserve to know about their health and diseases, diagnosis, treatments, and…
4 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Michael N. Tzermiadianos and Avinash G. Patwardhan A disc comprises three distinct parts: the nucleus pulposus (NP), the anulus fibrosus (AF), and the…
1 The Epidemiology and Economics of Intervertebral Disc Disease Maneesh Bawa and Scott D. Boden Epidemiology Epidemiology refers to the study of occurrence rates and provides important insights into understanding…
Risk factors (predictors of low bone mass) Inconsistent predictors of low bone mass Female sex Levels of exercise in childhood and adolescence Increased age Use of alcohol- and caffeine-containing beverages…
Fig. 21.1 Different endoscopic approaches to the spine: 1, endoscopically assisted transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (ETLIF); 2, endoscopic lateral lumbar interbody fusion (ELLIF); 3, laparoscopic anterior lumbar interbody fusion (LALIF);…
Fig. 32.1 Anatomy of sacroiliac joint Fig. 32.2 Ligaments of sacroiliac joint Gender, age, and weight significantly influence the probability that a sacroiliac joint origin contributes to the patient’s chronic…
Fig. 34.1 (a) The intermuscular plane is opened from L2 through sacrum. The common tendon of multifidus is seen inserting to the superior articular process at each segment. The longissimus…
, Michelle M. Falcone2, Michael Y. Wang2 and Steven Wu1 (1) Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (2) Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Jackson Memorial Hospital,…
(1) Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Abstract Minimally invasive surgical techniques have grown in popularity in recent years due to the theoretical advantages of smaller incisions, reduced muscle…
