Sleep Disorders
13 Sleep Disorders PHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP Sleep is a process necessary for life and is considered essential for restoration of energy, consolidation of memory and learning, and maintenance…
The Sensory System
6 The Sensory System The sensory system is that part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information, including the somatosensory and special senses: smell, vision, taste,…
Ataxia and Gait Disorders
8 Ataxia and Gait Disorders The staggering steps of a young child learning to walk are a classic example of ataxia, a condition in which the control of…
Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
4 Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Abstract The transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) has become one of the most dependable procedures for decompression and stabilization of the lumbar spine since…
Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Arthroplasty or Fusion
9 Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Arthroplasty or Fusion Abstract The anterior approach to the cervical spine for discectomy followed by fusion or arthroplasty is the most consistent and durable of operations…
Minimally Invasive Lateral Transpsoas Interbody Lumbar Fusion
6 Minimally Invasive Lateral Transpsoas Interbody Lumbar Fusion Abstract: Minimally invasive lateral transpsoas interbody lumbar fusion is a direct, 90-degree lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach to the lumbar disc space. The procedure…
Minimally Invasive Lumbar Laminectomy
3 Minimally Invasive Lumbar Laminectomy Abstract The difference in the exposure and approach between a minimally invasive and open lumbar microdiscectomy is slight. The difference between a minimally invasive and open…
Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
7 Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy Abstract The posterior cervical foraminotomy builds on the minimally invasive skill set developed for the management of lumbar radiculopathies. Although several of the principles remain…
Minimally Invasive Microdiscectomy
2 Minimally Invasive Microdiscectomy Abstract There are more similarities than differences in the exposures of a minimally invasive microdiscectomy and its open equivalent. Acknowledging these similarities allows for the mind to…
Minimally Invasive Resection of Intradural Extramedullary Lesions within the Thoracic Spine
11 Minimally Invasive Resection of Intradural Extramedullary Lesions within the Thoracic Spine Abstract A minimally invasive surgeon views the spinal canal in three dimensions, where the spinous process no longer presents…
