Sellar Region Tumors and Tumor-Like Conditions
Sellar Region Tumors and Tumor-Like Conditions Main Text Preamble The sellar region is one of the most anatomically complex areas in the brain. It encompasses the bony sella turcica and…
Hydrocephalus and CSF Disorders
Hydrocephalus and CSF Disorders Main Text Preamble The brain CSF spaces include the ventricular system—a series of interconnected, CSF-filled cavities—and the subarachnoid space. This chapter begins with a brief discussion…
Inherited Metabolic Disorders
Inherited Metabolic Disorders Main Text Preamble Inherited metabolic disorders—a.k.a. inborn errors of metabolism—represent conditions in which a genetic defect leads to a deficiency of a protein (e.g., enzyme or nonenzyme…
Demyelinating and Inflammatory Diseases
Demyelinating and Inflammatory Diseases Main Text Preamble Once considered an “immune-privileged” site sequestered beyond the blood-brain barrier, we now know there is active and continuous immunologic surveillance in the CNS….
Toxic Encephalopathy
Toxic Encephalopathy Main Text Preamble The list of toxins and poisons that affect the CNS is long and continues to grow. Some agents are deliberately injected, inhaled, or ingested, whereas…
Dementias and Brain Degenerations
Dementias and Brain Degenerations Main Text Preamble One in three adults over 85 years old suffers from Alzheimer disease or other forms of dementia. New treatments to slow progression of…
Mesenchymal, Nonmeningothelial Tumors
Mesenchymal, Nonmeningothelial Tumors Main Text Preamble The terminology and pathologic features of benign and malignant mesenchymal, nonmeningothelial neoplasms originating in the CNS correspond to soft tissue or bone tumors found…
Ependymal Tumors
Ependymal Tumors Main Text Preamble Overall, ependymomas represent 2-3% of all primary CNS neoplasms. Approximately 30% affect children and adolescents, although ependymal neoplasms occur at all ages, encompass multiple tumor…
Secondary Effects and Sequelae of CNS Trauma
Secondary Effects and Sequelae of CNS Trauma Main Text Preamble Traumatic brain injury is not a single “one and done” event. A veritable “cascade” of adverse pathophysiologic events continues to…
Embryonal Tumors
Embryonal Tumors Main Text Preamble The rapidly evolving molecular classification of brain tumors has fundamentally changed the understanding of embryonal neoplasms. In the 2021 WHO schema, the classification of the…
