Cervical Pedicle Screw Fixation
History and Background Starting with the early clinical series of Roy-Camille in the 1960s 1,2,3,4,5,6 and gaining popularity in the 1980s, pedicle screw fixation has been used in the thoracolumbar…
Technique of Low-Grade Osteotomies for Semi-Rigid Deformities
Clinical Presentation Normally the head is centered over the pelvis in both the sagittal and coronal planes. Clinical examination of the cervical deformity patient should include a visual assessment of…
C1-C2 Joint Osteotomy and Reduction of Vertical Deformity
Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is the region around the skull base and the upper cervical spine (atlas and axis), along with its neurovascular components, including the brain stem, spinal cord, vertebral…
Cervical Deformity Classification
The cervical spine is a complex bony and ligamentous region divided anatomically into the subaxial spine (C3–C7) and the occipitocervical junction (occiput to C2). 1 Deformities that affect the cervical…
Cervical Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy for Correction of Sagittal Deformities
The majority of cervical deformities in adults are kyphotic, and such sagittal plane deformities can produce pronounced symptoms and significant disability. Cervical deformity may result from a number of pathologies…
Upper Thoracic Osteotomy for Cervical Deformity
Upper thoracic osteotomy, which is less common than cervical and thoracolumbar osteotomy, can be performed for correction of cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) kyphosis and proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) after thoracolumbar fusion….
Cervical Osteotomy Types
Description of Cervical Osteotomy Classification System The cervical osteotomy classification system provides a common nomenclature to more effectively and objectively communicate the type of surgical resection(s) performed. It is not…
Uncovertebral Joint Osteotomy (Anterior Riew Osteotomy) for Correction of Rigid Cervical Spine Deformity
Cervical spine deformity can cause significant disability and have negative impact on the quality of life. Patients with deformity in the cervical spine can often present with neck pain, myelopathy,…
Osteotomy in the Thoracolumbar Spine for Cervical Deformity
Thoracolumbar Osteotomy for Cervical Deformity It is well known that corrective surgeries for thoracolumbar deformity influence cervical spine alignment. 1,2,3,4 In response to spinal malalignment, the human body uses compensatory…
Medical Complications
Adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery has a greater potential for complications than most other spinal surgeries. This is in part due to the patient population, which tends to be older…
