Spinal Cord Infarction
Fig. 11.1 Arterial vascular anatomy of the spinal cord Pathophysiology Two types of spinal cord infarction are distinguished: Global ischaemia secondary to low cardiac output (cardiac arrest, severe hypotension in a…
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Fig. 10.1 Acute phase of deep venous thrombosis (right thalamostriate vein). The FLAIR sequence (a) shows the venous infarction with very limited hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted images (c) related to predominantly vasogenic…
Lacunar Infarcts and Small-Vessel Disease
Fig. 6.1 Hyperintense lacunar infarct in the left lateral sulcus on diffusion-weighted images (a hollow arrow). It is associated with multiple lacunar infarct sequelae as “holes” in the brain parenchyma, hypointense…
Transient Ischaemic Attacks
Fig. 5.1 Patient with right carotid TIA. MR angiography (a axial section, b sagittal reconstruction) shows unstable plaque of right carotid bulb with endoluminal fragment (arrow). REC right external carotid artery, RIC…
Systems Phenomics
Fig. 7.1 Magnetic resonance images of a 24-week-old foetus. From Anblagan et al. (unpublished observation) The same scanner can be used for acquiring different types of images by changing the exact…
Personalized Preventive Medicine
Fig. 10.1 Healthy and total (healthy + unhealthy) life expectancy at birth in England, 1994–1999. Adapted from the Office for National Statistics licensed under the Open Government Licence v.1.0. From Bajekal (2005) Given…
Challenges
Fig. 9.1 Meta-analysis of the effects of breastfeeding on cognitive development. Numbers indicate co-variate-adjusted mean differences (and 95 % confidence intervals) for matched composite observations across 11 different studies. Reprinted from Anderson…
Terms and Concepts
Fig. 1.1 Breastfeeding and general intelligence: mediation and moderation From this pattern of “transactions”, we conclude that exposure (breastfeeding) affects the outcome (general intelligence) by influencing mediator 1 (brain growth inferred…
Enviromics
Fig. 3.1 An individual and his/her internal, social and physical environments Because the cells of various tissues are exposed to hundreds of small molecules (metabolites), hormones and enzymes circulating through the…
