Brain–Peripheral Organ Communication
Fig. 2.1 A schematic diagram of two neural routes that mediate peripheral organ–brain interactions: (A) The afferent vagus–nucleus tract solitarii (NTS) axis. Information on the visceral organs is transmitted to…
Parkinson’s Disease; Neurodegeneration as Systemic Disease
Burke RE, Dauer WT, Vonsattel JP (2008) A critical evaluation of the Braak staging scheme for Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 64(5):485–491PubMedCentralPubMed Camicioli RM, Hanstock CC, Bouchard TP, Gee M, Fisher…
Unilateral and Bilateral Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb Following Stroke via an Exoskeleton
Fig. 15.1 The upper limb exoskeleton EXO-UL7 with seven DOFs, supporting 99 % of the range of motion required to preform daily activities 15.2 An Upper Limb Exoskeleton: EXO-UL7 15.2.1 System…
Assisted Computer Interaction for Users with Weak Upper Limb Motion
Fig. 9.1 The planar pantograph haptic system integrated with a mouse The device is powered by two precious metal brushed 40 W DC-motors from Portescap (Model 25GT2R82-222E) through capstan cable transmissions which…
Robotic Assistance for Cerebellar Reaching
Fig. 12.1 The KINARM robot (a) used in this study has a two-degree-of-freedom planar exoskeleton for each arm (only right arm shown for clarity). The user sits in a chair…
A Human Augmentation Approach to Gait Restoration
Fig. 13.1 Emerging behaviors, arising from the coupled dynamics of human body and robotic structure interacting with the environment, help the execution of a complex task with low computational efforts….
Enhancing Recovery of Sensorimotor Functions: The Role of Robot Generated Haptic Feedback in the Re-learning Process
Fig. 11.1 Examples of different manipulator architecture for upper limb rehabilitation. For the serial mirrored manipulator. (a) MIT Manus [1]; (b) MIME [2]; (c) ARM Guide [3]; (d) ACT 3D…
State of the Art and Perspectives of Ultrasound Imaging as a Human-Machine Interface
Fig. 2.1 Karl Dussik’s apparatus to generate ultrasonic waves, built in 1942 (Reproduced from [17]) In 1948, the first Congress of Ultrasound in Medicine was held in Erlangen, Germany; in…
A Learning Scheme for EMG Based Interfaces: On Task Specificity in Motion Decoding Domain
Fig. 1.1 A bookcase containing three different objects (a marker, a rectangular-shaped object and a mug), placed at five different positions, at three different shelves, is depicted. A superimposed diagram…
Multi-directional Dynamic Mechanical Impedance of the Human Ankle; A Key to Anthropomorphism in Lower Extremity Assistive Robots
Fig. 6.1 Test setup. (a) Anklebot fully attached to a human subject while suspended using a compliant strap. (b) Anklebot partially attached to a human subject while suspended using a…
