Fig. 11.1 A typical brain-computer interface schema. Modifications of brain activity due to a task/stimulus are recorded with fMRI, fNIRS, EEG, or ECoG. These neural data are pre-processed before discriminative…
(1) and covariance function such that (2)where 0,\sigma > 0,\varrho \in \mathbb{R}), }$$ ” src=”/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/A315578_1_En_42_Chapter_Equ4.gif”> (4)that identify the drift and the infinitesimal variance of a time non-homogeneous Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process defined in…
be the non-vanishing polarization density, where the charge density ρ and the (average) dipole length δ are real quantities. The charge density wave function σ(x) is (1)The phase θ(x) is…
(1) (2) Fig. 1 (a) A graph whose vertices (squares) are connected by unidirectional edges (arrows). (b) Network structure corresponding to graph (a). The black solid and dashed arrows indicate excitatory…
which consists of two sectors: ‘sector 1’ is a Hilbert space , while ‘sector 2’ is a tensor product Hilbert space . Let us now consider the membership weights of…
, , and , whose dynamics are given by (1)where and are the overall excitatory and inhibitory couplings between the neural oscillators. During reinforcement, the coupling strengths and are changed…
. The spins recorded in each trial are realizations of random variables A and B, which, in the simplest case, can attain two values each: a 1 or a 2…
(1) where J ij denotes a connection from the j-th to i-th neuron, is an input pattern of input strength γ, and μ is index of learned mappings. For a…
Fig. 1 A two domain-model for ion concentration dynamics in the intra- and extracellular space. The ICS is represented as a cylindrical cable (I), coated by ECS (E). The geometry is…
is formed by the m-dimension vectors and , where . The max distance between X i and X j can be calculated by (1) Given a threshold r and each ,…
