46 Endoscopic Endonasal Transmaxillary Approach to the Vidian Canal and Meckel’s Cave Rafid Al-Mahfoudh, João Paulo Almeida, Sacit Bulent Omay, and Theodore H. Schwartz 46.1 Indications • Tumors isolated to…
12 Trans-Ciliar Approach Khaled M. A. Aziz, Nouman Aldahak, and Mohamed Arnaout 12.1 Introduction The trans-ciliar approach represents a keyhole approach to the anterior cranial fossa and parasellar region, developed…
24 Endoscopic Approach to Pineal Region Hasan A. Zaidi and Peter Nakaji 24.1 Introduction The endoscope-controlled supracerebellar infratentorial approach for pineal region pathology is a potentially powerful approach that can…
20 Intradural Subtemporal Approach Erin McCormack, Isabella Esposito, Filippo Gagliardi, Pietro Mortini, Anthony J. Caputy, and Cristian Gragnaniello 20.1 Introduction The subtemporal approach is a lateral approach that provides access…
35 Translabyrinthine and Transcochlear Transpetrosal Approach Cristian Gragnaniello, Parisa Sabetrasekh, Sam Maghami, Alan Siu, Zachary Litvack, and Ashkan Monfared 35.1 Introduction Presigmoid approaches decrease the working angle and depth of…
41 Endoscopic Endonasal Odontoidectomy Ellina Hattar, Eleonora F. Spinazzi, Jean Anderson Eloy, Cristian Gragnaniello, and James K. Liu 41.1 Introduction The transoral route has served as the gold-standard approach for…
8 Techniques of Temporal Muscle Dissection Marcio S. Rassi, Paulo A. S. Kadri, Claudio V. Sorrilha, and Luis A. B. Borba 8.1 Introduction Temporal muscle preservation is a key point…
47 Superficial Temporal Artery – Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Mario Teo, Jeremiah Johnson, and Gary K. Steinberg 47.1 Indications • Symptomatic Moya-Moya disease. To supplement cerebral blood flow due to…
28 Far Lateral Approach and Principles of Vertebral Artery Mobilization João Paulo Almeida, Mateus Reghin Neto, and Evandro de Oliveira 28.1 Introduction The far lateral approach is a lateral approach,…
26 Retrosigmoid Approach Marcio S. Rassi, Jean G. de Oliveira, Daniel D. Cavalcanti, and Luis A. B. Borba 26.1 Introduction The retrosigmoid approach is a lateral approach to the posterior…
