5 Patient Positioning Francesco Ruggieri, Tommaso Zoerle, Filippo Gagliardi, Pietro Mortini, and Luigi Beretta 5.1 Introduction Patient positioning for intracranial neurosurgical procedures represents a critical point for both the surgeon…
13 Lateral Orbitotomy Alfio Spina, Filippo Gagliardi, Michele Bailo, Cristian Gragnaniello, Martina Piloni, Anthony J. Caputy, and Pietro Mortini 13.1 Introduction Orbital lesions, depending on their location and relationship with…
7 Skin Incisions, Head and Neck Soft-Tissue Dissection Virginio Garcia-Martinez, Luis Porras-Estrada, Carmen Lopez-Sanchez, and Virginio Garcia-Lopez 7.1 Introduction An adequate planning of skin incision and selected flaps are essential…
2 Assessment of Surgical Exposure Alfio Spina, Filippo Gagliardi, Michele Bailo, Cristian Gragnaniello, Anthony J. Caputy, and Pietro Mortini 2.1 Introduction Neurosurgery is one of the medical specialties that has…
45 Endoscopic Endonasal Transclival Approach with Transcondylar Extension Wei-Hsin Wang and Juan C. Fernandez-Miranda 45.1 Introduction The endoscopic endonasal transclival approach is a midline endoscopic approach, which provides a great…
1 Training Models in Neurosurgery Cristian Gragnaniello, Nicholas J. Erickson, Filippo Gagliardi, Pietro Mortini, and Anthony J. Caputy 1.1 Introduction • Neurological surgery is one of the most technically demanding…
Orbitocranial Zygomatic Approach for Upper Basilar Artery Aneurysms Antonio Bernardo and Philip E. Stieg Abstract Aneurysms arising from the basilar apex are perhaps the most technically challenging aneurysms to treat…
Vertebral confluence and midbasilar aneurysms are uncommon but surgically challenging lesions due in large part to the ventral location of pathology in the posterior fossa and the important downstream territory…
Patient Selection Treatment of patients with spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) carries a risk of paraplegia or quadriplegia. Therefore, before treatment is recommended, the natural history of the lesion must be…
Patient Selection Aneurysms at the distal third of the basilar artery including the basilar artery bifurcation and the origin of the superior cerebellar artery from the basilar artery and less…
