Vertebral confluence and midbasilar aneurysms are uncommon but surgically challenging lesions due in large part to the ventral location of pathology in the posterior fossa and the important downstream territory…
Patient Selection Treatment of patients with spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) carries a risk of paraplegia or quadriplegia. Therefore, before treatment is recommended, the natural history of the lesion must be…
Patient Selection Aneurysms at the distal third of the basilar artery including the basilar artery bifurcation and the origin of the superior cerebellar artery from the basilar artery and less…
Posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) comprise about 12% of all brain AVMs. About 70% present with hemorrhage into the brain parenchyma, the subarachnoid space, and/or the ventricular system. Current treatment…
Patient Selection 14.1.1 Indications for Surgery and Alternatives Options for treatment of basilar apex region aneurysms include surgical clipping or endovascular treatment with coils. The preference for endovascular treatment tends to…
Patient Selection The overall risk of hemorrhage for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is about 2 to 4% per year. 1 Annual rupture rates are lower for unruptured AVMs compared to…
Fig. 26.1 A choroidal vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation demonstrating the anterior nidal network of arterial feeders is shown by artist depiction (a) and after vertebral angiography (b). Fig. 26.2 A mural…
Patient Selection 21.2.1 Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms The majority of patients with multiple aneurysms harbor 2 aneurysms, although as many as 13 aneurysms have been described in a single patient. Approximately half…
Patient Selection 34.1.1 Indications Patients typically present with symptoms due to hemorrhage, ischemia, or hydrocephalus. They may also present with headache or a bruit, although bruits are less common than with…
Patient Selection The two main indications for extracranial to intracranial bypass are flow replacement for treatment of complex aneurysms or tumors, which requires vessel sacrifice, and flow augmentation for treatment…
