45 Endoscopic Endonasal Transclival Approach with Transcondylar Extension Wei-Hsin Wang and Juan C. Fernandez-Miranda 45.1 Introduction The endoscopic endonasal transclival approach is a midline endoscopic approach, which provides a great…
1 Training Models in Neurosurgery Cristian Gragnaniello, Nicholas J. Erickson, Filippo Gagliardi, Pietro Mortini, and Anthony J. Caputy 1.1 Introduction • Neurological surgery is one of the most technically demanding…
Orbitocranial Zygomatic Approach for Upper Basilar Artery Aneurysms Antonio Bernardo and Philip E. Stieg Abstract Aneurysms arising from the basilar apex are perhaps the most technically challenging aneurysms to treat…
Vertebral confluence and midbasilar aneurysms are uncommon but surgically challenging lesions due in large part to the ventral location of pathology in the posterior fossa and the important downstream territory…
Patient Selection Treatment of patients with spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) carries a risk of paraplegia or quadriplegia. Therefore, before treatment is recommended, the natural history of the lesion must be…
Patient Selection Aneurysms at the distal third of the basilar artery including the basilar artery bifurcation and the origin of the superior cerebellar artery from the basilar artery and less…
Posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) comprise about 12% of all brain AVMs. About 70% present with hemorrhage into the brain parenchyma, the subarachnoid space, and/or the ventricular system. Current treatment…
Patient Selection 14.1.1 Indications for Surgery and Alternatives Options for treatment of basilar apex region aneurysms include surgical clipping or endovascular treatment with coils. The preference for endovascular treatment tends to…
Patient Selection The overall risk of hemorrhage for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is about 2 to 4% per year. 1 Annual rupture rates are lower for unruptured AVMs compared to…
Fig. 26.1 A choroidal vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation demonstrating the anterior nidal network of arterial feeders is shown by artist depiction (a) and after vertebral angiography (b). Fig. 26.2 A mural…
