, Maurice M. Smith1 and Y. Raja Rampersaud2 (1) University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA (2) Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Paramedian…
Fig. 54.1 Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar musculature Table 54.1 Muscles and ligamentous structures in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral regions Cervical Thoracic Lumbosacral Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Quadratus lumborum Scalene Rhomboids Longissimus…
(1) Cedars-Sinai Spine Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA 1. Place the patient in the supine position on a Jackson or other X-ray table with an inflatable bag under the…
, Katsuro Tomita1 and Hiroyuki Tsuchiya1 (1) Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan Conventionally, because of the difficulty in surgical approach and the anatomical proximity of the major vessels to the involved vertebra(e),…
(1) St. Anthony’s Neurosurgery Specialists, Saint Louis, MO, USA Posterior and posterolateral approaches for thoracic disc herniations include (a) laminotomy-facetotomy, (b) transpedicular; and (c) limited costotransversotomy (Fig. 45.1) [1…
(1) Marina Spine Center, Marina del Rey, CA, USA 1. Bleeding from lumbar spinal surgery is best minimized by proper positioning of the patient to prevent abdominal pressure that…
Fig. 50.1 AP c-arm image. Note operative L4–L5 operative disc endplates are not parallel to X-ray beam 4. Trendelenburg bed so that operative disc is perpendicular to floor. L5–S1…
Fig. 34.1 Appropriate positioning for the patient Fig. 34.2 The AP view should have parallel endplates and the spinous process should be centered between the pedicles. In the lateral view,…
Myelopathy Pain Miscellaneous Sensory disturbances Band-like chest pain Multiple sclerosis symptoms ↑ or ↓ skin sensitivity Axial thoracic back pain Spinal neoplasm/tumor symptoms Hypoesthesia Axial lumbar pain Psychiatric disorder symptoms…
(1) Marina Spine Center, Marina del Rey, CA, USA Microscopic lumbar discectomy is an ideal way to remove a disc fragment. Indications include the following: 1. Morbidity of sufficient…
