Secondary hemostasis, or blood coagulation, is initiated by interaction of blood with vascular subendothelium or tissue factor exposed on cell surfaces after cellular injury. Intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways converge…
The MRI features of the syndrome are characterized by vasogenic edema, which corresponds to bright signal on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences as well as on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps,…
Differential. The major important condition to separate from these “micropathologies” is occlusion of parent arteries blocking flow in penetrating artery branches. In patients of Asian origin, especially Japan, Korea, and…
Similarly emboli arising from the aorta are composed of different substances. White platelet-fibrin thrombi form in crevices and irregular surfaces. These white clots activate the coagulation cascade and promote red…
LACUNAR INFARCTS Lacunar infarcts are miniature, discrete lesions, ranging from 1 to 20 mm in size. The most common locations are the putamen and the pallidum, followed by the pons,…
THE RECIPIENT ARTERIES The recipient artery is the main determinant of the clinical symptoms and signs. When a recipient neck or intracranial artery is blocked, blood flow to the area…
The posterior choroidal arteries originate from the posterior cerebral arteries and course forward from caudal to rostral in the thalamus. The lateral posterior choroidal arteries supply mostly the pulvinar, a…
3. Decreased alertness. Hypersomnolence or frank coma can result from bilateral paramedian rostral brainstem dysfunction. After the acute phase, the patient may remain relatively inert and apathetic. Some patients sleep…
4. Coma. When the reticular formation is affected bilaterally in the medial pontine tegmentum, coma results. Sensory and cerebellar abnormalities are absent or slight because the infarct usually affects the…
