Other Cranial Neuralgias
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with special attention to this nerve, is indicated to rule out secondary causes, including aberrant blood vessels, multiple sclerosis, or various mass lesions. Medical therapies are…
Pediatric Headache
Commonly, children have periodic syndromes that develop early as precursors to migraine. These periodic syndromes include paroxysmal torticollis of infancy, benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood, cyclic vomiting syndrome, and abdominal…
Tension-Type Headache and Other Benign Episodic and Chronic Headaches
Chronic TTH (15 or more days monthly) is the most prevalent form of chronic daily headache. Episodic TTH usually lasts from 30 minutes to 7 days. It is subclassified into…
Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalagias: Cluster Headache
• Ipsilateral conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation • Ipsilateral nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhea • Ipsilateral forehead and facial sweating or flushing • Ipsilateral eyelid edema • Ptosis and/or miosis (less common)…
Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalagias: Paroxysmal Hemicrania (PH)
Some individuals suffer more than one of these types of attacks, and there is heterogeneity among patients in the duration of the pain and the number of episodes per day….
Migraine Management
When migraine attacks occur infrequently (3 days or fewer per month) and are not associated with prolonged neurologic symptoms, abortive treatments are probably sufficient. However, daily prophylactic treatment should be…
Migraine Aura
When sensory aura accompanies visual aura, it tends to follow visual aura within minutes. This aura typically begins as unilateral paresthesias in a limb or one side of the face….
Migraine Presentation
Although head pain is the most debilitating aspect of migraine, a migraine attack may unfold through a series of four phases: (1) prodrome, (2) aura (when present), (3) headache, and…
Migraine Pathophysiology
Until the 1980s, the accepted explanation for migraine attacks was the vascular theory of migraine, which suggested that migraine headache was caused by the dilation of cranial blood vessels, while…
Overview of Headaches
Physicians treating patients for headache must decide whether the headache represents a primary or secondary headache syndrome. Primary headaches are most common and include disorders such as migraine, tension-type headache,…
