First, the prechordal mesoderm that underlies the developing neural tube secretes sonic hedgehog (Shh) that induces the normal patterning of the anterior midline of the brain, including the formation of…
Perhaps for this reason, the hypothalamus is particularly well protected. It lies at the base of the skull, just above the pituitary gland, to which it is attached by the…
Treatment. The first step after identification of suspected abuse is reporting to a child protective service (CPS) agency. The CPS will carry out a thorough investigation of the suspected person(s)…
The National Child Abuse and Neglect System (NCANDS) of the Administration of Children, Youth, and Families (ACYF) Annual Report 2009 indicates that there were 9.3 unique abuse victims confirmed per…
Clinical Presentation. Four types of ADHD are recognized. ADHD, as the predominantly inattentive type, is characterized by a persistent pattern of poor attention and lack of motivation, particularly when sustained…
Clinical Presentation. There are two primary eating disorders: anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). A third category, eating disorder not otherwise specified (ED NOS), represents those disorders not meeting…
Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive worry/angst occurring on more days than not about a variety of areas, such as schoolwork, friendships, family, health/safety, and world…
Ineffective parenting strategies often underlie these disorders. Parents may have insufficient time and emotional energy for the child or may use inconsistent methods of disciplining and limit setting. These ineffective…
The most severe of these disorders, major depressive disorder, is characterized by a distinct period of at least 2 weeks during which the child/adolescent experiences a depressed or irritable mood…
