Neupsy Key

An example of an epileptic syndrome with generalized seizures is juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). The seizure types are generalized tonic-clonic, absence, or myoclonic, which often occur upon awakening. The seizures…

Neonatal seizures are classified as clonic, tonic, and myoclonic. Clonic seizures consist of rhythmic jerking of groups of muscles and occur in either a focal or multifocal pattern. In multifocal…

In the untreated patient, absence seizures can occur quite frequently during the day. They sometimes occur in clusters, particularly when the child is tired or drowsy. In a child not…

The EEG in focal seizures is characterized by focal spikes or sharp waves. There is often a relationship between the location of the spikes and the seizure type, that is,…

The history and neurologic examination are the cornerstones of neurologic diagnosis. When assessing when a patient may have had a seizure, it is important to obtain a description of a…

Brain Wave Activity. Brain activity consists of waveforms that vary in polarity, shape, and frequency, and usually range in voltage from 20 to 60 microvolts. Scalp EEG activity shows oscillations…

Conditions known to cause scarring of the piaarachnoid membranes, such as meningeal infection, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or bleeding from past trauma, can cause hydrocephalus by decreasing the effectiveness of CSF absorption….

Because Alzheimer disease is the most common cause of intellectual decline in later life, symptoms or signs that are unusual in Alzheimer disease should particularly alert the physician to a…

In patients with DLB, the cognitive and functional decline of dementia is accompanied by a combination of clinical features that include visual hallucinations, parkinsonism, and fluctuating cognitive impairment. Visual hallucinations…

Vascular dementias can be subclassified depending on whether the stroke or strokes responsible for the cognitive change are single versus multiple, and large vessel versus small vessel. As mentioned above,…