25 Cervical StenosisMyelopathy Sathish Subbaiah, William Thoman, Richard Fessler KEY POINTS • Cervical spondylosis is the primary cause of myelopathy in the elderly population • Muscle-sparing posterior decompression of the…
4 Natural History of the Degenerative Cascade Ali Araghi, Donna D. Ohnmeiss KEY POINTS • For many years, the mechanics of the spine and how spinal tissues respond to the…
35 Vertebroplasty Elizabeth Gardner KEY POINTS • Worldwide there are 1.4 million vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) annually. The lifetime incidence in White women is 16%. • Vertebroplasty is indicated for…
14 Spinal Stenosis Without Spondylolisthesis Rob D. Dickerman KEY POINTS • Spinal stenosis is a degenerative cascade. • Lumbar spinal stenosis occurs most commonly at L4-L5 followed by L3-L4. •…
21 Tai Chi, Qi Gong, and Other Complementary Alternative Therapies for Treatment of the Aging Spine and Chronic Pain Wei Huang, Alice Fann, Linqiu Zhou, Weibin Yang, Chunbo Cai, James…
8 Biomechanics of the Senescent Spine Boyle C. Cheng KEY POINTS • Not all patients diagnosed with osteoporosis by current bone mineral density levels will experience vertebral fracture, nor will…
11 Causes of Premature Aging of the Spine Florence P.S. Mok, Dino Samartzis, Kenneth M.C. Cheung, Jaro Karppinen KEY POINTS • Various age-related factors are involved in the degenerative process…
19 The Role of Spinal Injections in Treating the Aging Spine Jason Marchetti KEY POINTS • Understand the indications, contraindications, and current evidence support for commonly performed spinal procedures. •…
1 Embryology of the Spine Zair Fishkin, John A. Bendo KEY POINTS • Gastrulation is the beginning of organogenesis and the time when the embryo is most susceptible to internal…
18 Aquatic Physical Therapy Thomas Cesarz, David Speach KEY POINTS • Swimming skill is not required for patients to safely engage in water-based therapies. • Aquatic exercises are generally as…
