Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Young
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is uncommon in young adults (age < 50 years) but is more likely to be associated with specific underlying vascular abnormalities than in older patients. Given this,…
Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
A. Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have a high risk of neurologic deterioration, particularly early after presentation. Close neurologic monitoring is thus important. Intubation and mechanical ventilation are necessary in…
Preoperative Neurovascular (Carotid) Clearance
The risk of perioperative stroke varies dramatically based on the intervention being performed. Stroke risk is generally estimated to be < 1% for cardiac catheterization, general surgery, and noncarotid vascular…
Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis
Asymptomatic carotid stenosis refers to atherosclerotic narrowing of the extracranial internal carotid artery, most commonly involving the proximal internal carotid artery at or just distal to the carotid bifurcation. To…
Spinal Cord Infarction
Spinal cord infarction (SCI) is a rare but devastating disorder. A majority of infarctions involve anterior spinal cord and present with acute quadriparesis or paraparesis depending on the level of…
Patent Foramen Ovale and Ischemic Stroke
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common congenital cardiac finding. The foramen ovale allows for unidirectional blood flow from the right atria to the left atria while in utero, and…
Ischemic Stroke in the Young
Ischemic stroke in a young adult (generally considered age < 60 years), particularly when traditional vascular risk factors are absent, should raise suspicion for an unusual stroke mechanism. A. Evaluate…
Prevention of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke
Mechanisms of ischemic stroke are heterogeneous, and therapies to prevent recurrent stroke vary based on underlying mechanism. Determining the specific cause of stroke in the individual patient is therefore critical….
Large Cerebellar Infarction
Because of its unique position abutting the brainstem, infarction of the cerebellum can lead to a compression of the fourth ventricle with resulting hydrocephalus, direct compressive brainstem injury, and downward…
Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction
“Malignant” infarction refers to a large hemispheric ischemic stroke characterized by severe cerebral edema; such infarction can lead to midline shift with resultant compression of contralateral hemispheric structures and downward…
