Introduction Despite advances in medical and surgical therapy, the median survival for patients with high-grade gliomas remains approximately 1 year. These tumors frequently invade and infiltrate the surrounding parenchyma, and…
Introduction The insula is a complex structure both anatomically and functionally. Functionally, the insula plays critical roles in memory, executive function, motor integration, and motor planning, among others. Although the…
Introduction Historically, the Wernicke area has been defined as residing primarily within the posterior superior temporal lobe in the dominant hemisphere. , However, there is great individual variability. , The…
Introduction Historically, the Broca area has been defined as residing primarily within the pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus or frontal operculum on the dominant hemisphere. , The methods…
Introduction In general, the most critical eloquent locations are the language and motor areas. In a meta-analysis on intraoperative stimulation brain mapping for glioma surgery, De Witt Hammer and colleagues…
Introduction The surgery of brain tumors, namely gliomas, requires a delicate balance between extensive resection and avoidance of neurologic deficits. The risk of neurologic deficits is highest in those tumors…
Introduction The primary modifiable risk factor for patients with high-grade gliomas is extent of resection. For patients with primary glioblastoma, the maximum residual volume threshold is 5 cm 3 ,…
Introduction Brainstem tumors are a rare subset of intrinsic tumors that occur in adults that account for less than 1% of the primary brain tumors in adults. , These tumors…
Introduction Surgery in the brainstem can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. , This is because the brainstem has a high density of eloquent gray and white matter structures,…
Introduction The factors associated with worse outcomes for patients with high-grade gliomas include older patients, poorer neurologic function, tumors in close proximity to the subventricular zone, and decreasing extent of…
