1 Craniofacial Anatomy
10.1055/b-0034-63749 1 Craniofacial Anatomy Anterior skull base approaches often give the most direct access to midline skull base lesions. An understanding of the anatomy is important for transnasal, transsphenoidal, and…
8 Anatomy for Anterolateral Skull Base Surgery
10.1055/b-0034-63756 8 Anatomy for Anterolateral Skull Base Surgery In this chapter, the anatomy of the anterolateral skull base, including the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, is explored. An understanding…
7 Orbital Approach
10.1055/b-0034-63755 7 Orbital Approach Lesions behind the equator of the globe are best approached through a lateral orbit (modified Krönlein) approach or a transcranial approach. The lateral orbit approach provides…
3 Transfacial Transmaxillary Approach
10.1055/b-0034-63751 3 Transfacial Transmaxillary Approach The transfacial transmaxillary approach is a radical approach that affords the surgeon exposure from the anterior skull base to the clivus. Key Steps Position: Supine…
2 Transmaxilloethmoidal Approach
10.1055/b-0034-63750 2 Transmaxilloethmoidal Approach The transmaxilloethmoidal approach affords the surgeon a view of the sellar and parasellar regions. The approach can be used for clival chordomas, chondrosarcomas, or pituitary tumors…
5 Endonasal Paraseptal Transsphenoidal Approach
10.1055/b-0034-63753 5 Endonasal Paraseptal Transsphenoidal Approach The endonasal paraseptal approach is most often used to remove pathology within the sella turcica. The technique has been used to remove intradural pathology…
6 Transoral Approach
10.1055/b-0034-63754 6 Transoral Approach The transoral approach affords the surgeon exposure for midline lesions located from the lower third of the clivus to the upper cervical spine. This procedure is…
6.5 Thoracolumbar spine trauma classification systems
10.1055/b-0034-98165 6.5 Thoracolumbar spine trauma classification systems 1 Introduction Classification systems are a potentially powerful tool in patient care, the benefits of which are well documented in the Neuro-surgical and…
6.3 Upper cervical spine trauma classification systems
10.1055/b-0034-98163 6.3 Upper cervical spine trauma classification systems 1 Introduction The upper cervical spine is an anatomically diverse and functionally complex structure, which is defined as the functional unit extending…
6.4 Lower cervical spine trauma classification systems
10.1055/b-0034-98164 6.4 Lower cervical spine trauma classification systems 1 Introduction Classification of injuries should provide a common and understandable language for the scientific community to enhance our ability to aid…
