10.1055/b-0035-106385 10 Surgical Approaches to the Subaxial Spine The surgical approaches to spinal decompression, fusion, and instrumentation vary widely. This chapter focuses on surgical approaches to the subaxial spine, for…
10.1055/b-0035-106380 5 Degenerative and Inflammatory Diseases of the Spine The management of degenerative and inflammatory spine diseases is complex. Alterations of both bony and ligamentous spinal integrity are the predominant…
10.1055/b-0035-106388 13 Implant Material Properties 13.1 Metals 13.1.1 Elements and Alloys Metallurgy is the study of metals, their material properties, and their shaping and treatment by heating and/or cooling. At…
10.1055/b-0035-106376 1 Biomechanically Relevant Anatomy and Material Properties of the Spine and Associated Elements 1.1 Anatomy The vertebral column complex consists of ventrally located vertebral bodies and intervening intervertebral discs…
10.1055/b-0035-106383 8 Neural Element Injury 8.1 Mechanisms of Neural Element Injury External influences can cause a cell to become dysfunctional, or to die, by one or a combination of three…
10.1055/b-0035-106382 7 Spine Deformations Spinal deformities can be the result of unstable motion segments or, conversely, can cause them. The classification of spinal deformities can be confusing. For example, the…
10.1055/b-0035-106384 9 Correlation of the Anatomical and Clinical Domains Surgery for spinal pathology can be grouped into three fundamental and relatively distinct categories: (1) surgery for neural element compression or…
10.1055/b-0035-106379 4 Bone Quality 4.1 The Demographics of Aging A deterioration of bone quality over time is inevitable. Osteoporosis is a relentlessly progressive process. However, it does not manifest until…
10.1055/b-0035-106377 2 Physical Principles and Kinematics Physics is one of the most fundamental of all sciences. An understanding of the physical principles involved in a discipline such as spine surgery…
10.1055/b-0035-106378 3 Stability and Instability of the Spine 3.1 Traditional Concepts White and Panjabi define clinical stability of the spine as the ability of the spine under physiologic loads to…
