10.1055/b-0034-85233 Neurological measurements: Tone and reflexes National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) myotactic reflex scale Description A measurement of deep tendon reflexes. A 5-point scale that ranges from…
10.1055/b-0034-85232 Neurological measurements: Sensory American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale—sensory Description Incorporates a summed score for all dermatomes using light touch and pin prick. Scored on a 0 (no…
10.1055/b-0034-85228 Range of motion: Cervical spine-specific Flexion/extension Description Active: Patient moves head forward (chin to chest) to measure flexion. Patient looks to the ceiling above to measure extension. A spatula…
10.1055/b-0034-85227 Range of motion: Types Visual estimation Description Measuring passive or active range of motion by visual estimation only, without a measuring device. Interpretation A qualitative assessment that is based…
10.1055/b-0034-85225 How the spine measurements are displayed in this book The purpose of this book is to provide the clinician or researcher with a user-friendly display of many of the…
10.1055/b-0034-85224 Methods for identifying and evaluating quality spine measurements In our previous two books, Spine Outcomes Measures and Instruments and Spine Classification and Severity Measures, the measures that we attempted…
10.1055/b-0034-74864 Special Considerations: Giant Aneurysms, Bypasses, Previously Coiled Lesions, and Rare Locations Giant Aneurysms Giant aneurysms, defined as lesions measuring at least 2.5 cm in maximal dimension, demand great technical…
10.1055/b-0034-74864 Special Considerations: Giant Aneurysms, Bypasses, Previously Coiled Lesions, and Rare Locations Giant Aneurysms Giant aneurysms, defined as lesions measuring at least 2.5 cm in maximal dimension, demand great technical…
10.1055/b-0034-74861 Aneurysms of the Middle Cerebral Artery M1 Segment Aneurysms Most M1 segment aneurysms are small lesions associated with the origin of the anterior temporal artery. Although some can be…
10.1055/b-0034-74862 Aneurysms of the Basilar Artery Basilar Apex Aneurysms Basilar apex aneurysms should be treated by experienced aneurysm surgeons. Today, the majority of basilar apex aneurysms can be managed endovascularly…
