List of abbreviations AGEs advanced glycation end products AD Alzheimer’s disease ACR acrylamide AKT protein kinase B APP amyloid precursor protein AQP4 astrocyte expressing aquaporin-4 ARE antioxidant response element α7nAChR…
Abbreviations ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor CNS central nervous system DNA deoxyribonucleic acid EMG electromyography ESC embryonic stem cell GABA gaba-aminobutyric acid iPSC induced-pluripotent stem cell ISNCSCI…
Abbreviations AGREE Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation HIIT high-intensity interval training MIT moderate-intensity continuous training NSCISC National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center SCI spinal cord injury SIT sprint interval…
List of abbreviations COX cyclooxygenase GSH glutathione IL-1α interleukin-1α IL-1β interleukin-1β iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase L/D light/dark L/L light/light LPO lipid peroxidation MDA malondialdehyde MT melatonin NF-κB nuclear factor-κB…
Abbreviations 5-HTR 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7,8-DHF dihydroxyflavone Ac acetyl group AICAR 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide Akt protein kinase B AMPK adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase AP-1 activating protein 1 ATP adenosine triphosphate BSCB blood–spinal cord…
Abbreviations BBB blood brain barrier BMP bone morphogenetic protein CNS central nervous system CST corticospinal tract DCC deleted in colorectal cancer GPI glycosylphosphatidylinositol MCAO middle cerebral artery occlusion MPTP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine…
Introduction There is at present no biological cure for chronic paralysis following spinal cord injury (SCI). A medley of experimental approaches have been tried over the years, and, despite some…
Abbreviations cABC I chondroitinase ABC I CNS central nervous system CS chondroitin sulfate CSPG chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan CSPGs chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans DS dermatan sulfate DSPG dermatan sulfate proteoglycan ECM extracellular…
List of abbreviations NPIAP National pressure injury advisory panel PI Pressure injury SCI Spinal cord injury Introduction After a spinal cord injury (SCI), individuals often remain with limitations that will…
Abbreviations AC augmentation cystoplasty AD autonomic dysreflexia AUS artificial urinary sphincter BNR bladder neck reconstruction BNS bladder neck sling BOO bladder outlet obstruction BoNT-A type A botulinum toxin CIC clean…
