List of abbreviations COX cyclooxygenase GSH glutathione IL-1α interleukin-1α IL-1β interleukin-1β iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase L/D light/dark L/L light/light LPO lipid peroxidation MDA malondialdehyde MT melatonin NF-κB nuclear factor-κB…
Abbreviations 5-HTR 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7,8-DHF dihydroxyflavone Ac acetyl group AICAR 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide Akt protein kinase B AMPK adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase AP-1 activating protein 1 ATP adenosine triphosphate BSCB blood–spinal cord…
Abbreviations BBB blood brain barrier BMP bone morphogenetic protein CNS central nervous system CST corticospinal tract DCC deleted in colorectal cancer GPI glycosylphosphatidylinositol MCAO middle cerebral artery occlusion MPTP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine…
Introduction There is at present no biological cure for chronic paralysis following spinal cord injury (SCI). A medley of experimental approaches have been tried over the years, and, despite some…
Abbreviations cABC I chondroitinase ABC I CNS central nervous system CS chondroitin sulfate CSPG chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan CSPGs chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans DS dermatan sulfate DSPG dermatan sulfate proteoglycan ECM extracellular…
List of abbreviations NPIAP National pressure injury advisory panel PI Pressure injury SCI Spinal cord injury Introduction After a spinal cord injury (SCI), individuals often remain with limitations that will…
Abbreviations AC augmentation cystoplasty AD autonomic dysreflexia AUS artificial urinary sphincter BNR bladder neck reconstruction BNS bladder neck sling BOO bladder outlet obstruction BoNT-A type A botulinum toxin CIC clean…
List of abbreviations SCI spinal cord injury ICSHT international classification of surgery for the hand in tetraplegia PIN posterior interosseous nerve AIN anterior interosseous nerve ECRL extensor carpi radialis longus…
Abbreviations AIS American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale CRPS complex regional pain syndrome EES epidural electrical stimulation EMG electromyography FBSS failed back surgery syndrome IPG implantable pulse generator MRI magnetic…
Abbreviations AD autonomic dysreflexia BC bowel care CTT colonic transit time NBD neurogenic bowel dysfunction DRF digital removal of feces DRS digital rectal stimulation EAS external anal sphincter ENS enteric…
