Introduction The term “sex” refers to the different biological and physiologic characteristics of females, males, and intersex persons, such as chromosomes, hormones, and reproductive organs, whereas the term “gender” refers…
Introduction Cerebrovascular diseases commonly confront primary care providers. Stroke, the most common serious manifestation of cerebrovascular disease, is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States and a…
Introduction Facial pain, often referred to as orofacial pain, refers to any type of discomfort localized to the face, from the hairline to the lower mandibles, including the oral and…
INTRODUCTION Neurologic symptoms such as headache and low back pain are common reasons for patients to present to their primary care physician. Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis…
Introduction to Neuropsychology What is Neuropsychology? Neuropsychology lies at the intersection of the fields of neurology, psychology, and psychiatry. Placed under the umbrella of clinical psychology, this discipline focuses on…
INTRODUCTION There are a seemingly insurmountable number of infections that can affect the nervous system. However, as in all areas of neurology, the principles of a neurologic history and exam…
Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the United States. Each year approximately 2.5 million people are evaluated in a hospital emergency room…
Introduction In recent years the field of neuroimmunology has grown as diagnostic assays for the detection of pathogenic autoantibodies have been developed and refined. Improved diagnostic assays have improved our…
Introduction The incidence of brain tumors, particularly brain metastases, has been increasing in certain patient groups, and the average annual adjusted incidence rate has been estimated to be 24.71 per…
